If a positive number ρ( x , y ) can be defined for any two points x and y in a set R such that it satisfies the following properties, then the set R is called a metric space: (1) ρ( x , x ) = 0, (2) if ρ( x , y ) = 0 then x = y , (3) ρ( x , y ) = ρ( y , x ), (4) ρ( x , y ) + ρ( y , z ) ≧ ρ( x , z ). If ρ is considered as the correspondence between the pair of two points x and y and ρ( x , y ), then ρ is a function. This function is called the distance function, and the real number ρ( x , y ) is called the distance between x and y . A topological space in which such a distance is defined is called a metric space. Examples include Euclidean space, Hilbert space, and Fréchet space. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
集合 R の任意の2点 x ,y に対して,1つの正数 ρ(x,y) が,次の性質を満足するように定義できるとき,この集合 R を距離空間という。 (1) ρ(x,x)=0 ,(2) ρ(x,y)=0 なら x=y ,(3) ρ(x,y)=ρ(y,x) ,(4) ρ(x,y)+ρ(y,z)≧ρ(x,z) 。 ρ を2点 x ,y の組と ρ(x,y) との対応と考えれば,ρ は1つの関数である。この関数を距離関数といい,実数 ρ(x,y) を x と y の距離という。このような距離の定義されている位相空間を距離空間という。ユークリッド空間 ,ヒルベルト空間,フレッシェの空間などがその例である。
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