Correggio - Correggio (English spelling)

Japanese: コレッジョ - これっじょ(英語表記)Correggio
Correggio - Correggio (English spelling)

Italian High Renaissance painter. His real name was Antonio Allegri. He was nicknamed Correggio, near his hometown of Modena. He first studied under Francesco de' Bianchi-Ferrari, a Modena painter, before moving to Mantua, where he was influenced by the art of Mantegna, Costa, and Dosso Dossi. His first recorded work is the Madonna of St. Francis (Dresden Picture Gallery) in 1514, and he had already broken away from Mantegna's rigid form, learning from Raphael's harmonious composition and Leonardo da Vinci's soft sfumato technique, and began to walk his own path. After 1518, he moved the center of his activities to Parma, where he was involved in the production of three important ceiling paintings. The first is the ceiling painting in the abbess's room at the Convent of St. Paul (1518-19), whose elegant and fantastical decorations based on mythological themes are thought to be the result of a trip to Rome in 1518. The second is the vault decoration of the Basilica of San Giovanni Evangelista, "Christ in Glory" (1520-24), which depicts Christ suspended in infinite space in a bold foreshortening technique. It is a pioneer of Baroque painting based on the principle of illusionism, that is, the continuity of pictorial space and real space, and is an important work in the history of Italian painting. The third is the vault decoration of Parma Cathedral, "Assumption of the Virgin Mary" (1525-30), which depicts a fantastic scene in which countless angels and saints are arranged in a spiral and the Virgin Mary rises into the infinite sky. Because it pursued an even more complex illusionism than the previous work, it was harshly criticized by the church as "frog's leg stew." Correggio left the project unfinished when he returned home, but it is considered the culmination of his maturity. In between his work at the cathedral, he also painted excellent altarpieces, including the Madonna of St. Jerome (Pinaco Gallery, Parma) and Adoration of the Shepherds (Pinaco Gallery, Dresden), commonly known as Day and Night, respectively. His final works were a series of sensual works on the theme of "The Love of Zeus," commissioned by the Duke of Mantua in 1830-1831, including Danae (Gallery Borghese, Rome) and Io (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). His paintings sought to express the overflowing joy of life rather than the sublime, and he used subtle chiaroscuro effects created by skillful use of light, soft colors, diagonal composition, depiction of the movement of the figures, and illusionism, foreshadowing Baroque painting, while building his own unique style of rich emotion wrapped in sweet fantasy and sensuality. Although his activities were limited to the Emilia region and his career was short-lived, he was one of the pioneers of Baroque painting and had a great influence on Italian painting in the 17th and 18th centuries.

[Toru Miyoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア盛期ルネサンスの画家。本名アントニオ・アレグリAntonio Allegri。通称は生地モデナ近郊のコレッジョに由来。初めモデナの画家フランチェスコ・デ・ビアンキ・フェッラーリに学んだのち、マントバに赴き、マンテーニャ、コスタ、ドッソ・ドッシの芸術に接し感化を受ける。記録に残る最初の作品は1514年の『聖フランチェスコの聖母』(ドレスデン絵画館)で、すでにマンテーニャの堅固な造形性から脱却し、ラファエッロの調和に満ちた構図法やレオナルド・ダ・ビンチの柔らかいスフマートの技法に学び、独自の道を歩み始めている。18年以後活動の中心をパルマに移し、三つの重要な天井画制作に携わる。第一は聖パオロ僧院尼僧院長室の天井画(1518~19)で、神話主題による優雅で幻想的な装飾は、18年ごろと考えられているローマ旅行の成果に帰せられる。第二は聖ジョバンニ・エバンジェリスタ聖堂の円蓋(えんがい)装飾『栄光のキリスト』(1520~24)で、無限空間に浮遊するキリストの姿を仰ぎ見る大胆な短縮法で描いている。絵画空間と現実空間の連続性というイリュージョニズムの原理に基づいたバロック絵画の先駆をなすもので、イタリア絵画史上重要な作品である。第三はパルマ大聖堂の円蓋装飾『聖母被昇天』(1525~30)で、無数の天使・聖者が螺旋(らせん)状に配され、聖母が無限の天空に向かって上昇する幻想的な光景を描いている。前作よりさらに複雑なイリュージョニズムを追求したことにより、教会側から「カエルの足のシチュー」と酷評された。コレッジョは制作を中断し帰郷したため未完に終わったが、彼の円熟期の頂点にたつ作品として位置づけられる。同大聖堂の仕事の合間にも優れた祭壇画を描き、それぞれ「昼」「夜」と通称される『聖ヒエロニムスの聖母』(パルマ絵画館)と『羊飼いの礼拝』(ドレスデン絵画館)はその代表作である。彼の最後の画業は30~31年のマントバ公に依頼された「ゼウスの愛」を主題とする一連の官能的な作品『ダナエ』(ローマ、ボルゲーゼ美術館)、『イオ』(ウィーン美術史博物館)などである。彼の絵画は、崇高さよりも横溢(おういつ)する生の歓(よろこ)びの表現を求め、光の巧みな処理による微妙な明暗効果、柔らかな色調、対角線構図、人物の動勢表現、イリュージョニズムを駆使し、バロック絵画を予告しながら、甘美な幻想性、官能性に包まれた情感豊かな独自の作風を築き上げている。エミリア地方にその活動範囲は限られ、短命であったにもかかわらず、バロック絵画の先駆者の一人として17、18世紀のイタリア絵画に多大の影響を及ぼした。

[三好 徹]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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