…For 39 years after 1378, the Catholic Church was divided into two popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon, and a situation known in history as the Great Schism continued. In an attempt to end this, the Council of Pisa convened in 1409, dismissed both Gregory XII of Rome and Benedict XIII of Avignon, and elected Alexander V as the new pope. However, the two previous popes did not approve the dismissals, so the result was that three popes were in power. To resolve this abnormal situation, at the strong request of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, Alexander V's successor, Pope John XXIII, convened the Council of Constance on November 5, 1414, which lasted until April 22, 1818. From [Sysma]…The election of the Italian Urban VI, elected in Rome, was annulled by French cardinals, who elected the Frenchman Clement VII, and the papacy was again established in Avignon. The conflict between the two popes, which was accompanied by frequent military actions, became more serious as the political interests of each country became more complicated. In an attempt to resolve this, the Council of Pisa in 1409 elected Alexander V as the new pope. However, it ended up with three popes, and the Council of Constance finally resolved the issue by deposing two popes, voluntarily abdicating one, and electing the new pope Martin V. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Alexander V" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…1378年以後39年間カトリック教会はローマとアビニョンとに2人の教皇をもって分裂し,歴史上〈大離教(シスマ)〉と呼ばれる事態が続いた。それを終わらせようと1409年に招集されたピサ教会会議は,ローマのグレゴリウス12世とアビニョンのベネディクトゥス13世とをともに罷免し,新たにアレクサンデル5世を教皇に選んだが,2人の前教皇が罷免を承認しなかったので,かえって3人の教皇が鼎立する結果となった。この異常な事態を解決するために神聖ローマ皇帝ジギスムントの強い要請に基づき,アレクサンデル5世の後任教皇ヨハネス23世が14年11月5日に招集したのがコンスタンツ公会議で,18年4月22日まで続いた。… 【シスマ】より…ローマで選ばれたイタリア人ウルバヌス6世Urbanus VIに対しフランス人枢機卿たちがその選挙を無効としてフランス人クレメンス7世Clemens VIIを立て,再びアビニョンに教皇座を置いた。たびたびの軍事行動をも伴った双方の教皇たちのこの対立は各国の政治的利害が複雑に絡み合って深刻化し,これを解決しようとした1409年のピサ教会会議はアレクサンデル5世Alexander Vを新教皇に選んだ。しかし,かえって3人の教皇を鼎立(ていりつ)させる結果に終わって失敗し,ようやくコンスタンツ公会議による2教皇の廃位と1教皇の自主退位,新教皇マルティヌス5世Martinus Vの選出によって解決を見た。… ※「アレクサンデル[5世]」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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