marqés (English spelling)

…The title of marquis, intermediate between duke and count, was originally derived from the Frankish margraves (German: Markgraf) who were entrusted with governing the borderlands between different tribes, and often bore the title of duke because of its military importance, but later became a title of feudal nobility unrelated to this historical origin. In Spain and Portugal, this title (marques) was frequently given to powerful nobles from the 14th and 15th centuries onwards. In general, after the High Middle Ages when the feudal monarchy was established, these titles were awarded by the king and served to organize the political order through the distribution of honor represented by the titles, but before that, local powerful families often bore the appropriate titles themselves based on their military and political strength. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "marqés" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…公と伯の中間に位置する侯は，もともとフランク王国時代に，異民族との辺境地域の統治をゆだねられた辺境伯(ドイツ語はマルクグラーフMarkgraf)に由来し，その軍事的重要性のゆえに，しばしば公の名を帯びたが，のちにはこうした歴史的起源とは無関係な，封建貴族の称号となる。スペインやポルトガルでは，14～15世紀以降，有力貴族にこの称号(マルケスmarqés)がさかんに与えられた。一般に，封建王制が確立する中世盛期以後，これらの爵位は国王が授与し，称号に表現される栄誉の配分を通じて政治秩序の組織化に役だてられたが，それ以前には，軍事的･政治的な実力にもとづいて各地の豪族がみずからそれ相応の称号をおびることが多かった。…

※「marqés」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報