Family sensibility

Japanese: Genossenschaft
Family sensibility

…In German it is called Genossenschaft, in French société coopérative. Today in most countries the word cooperative is the name for a unique economic organization defined by law. …

From [Guild]

...First, a group of merchants formed a privileged association in a specific location as the King's Merchants, with their own merchant law, the Ius Mercatorum, and then people from other professions moved in as market residents, the Cives Forenses. In the third stage, a civic community, the Universitas Civium, was formed, and the character of the community, the Genossenschaft, became clear. This stage also saw the emergence of a tendency for the first settlers, the merchant class, to monopolize privileges and for the merchant class to become closed off.

From [Gemeinschaft]

...Therefore, it is not possible to simply say that Gemeinschaft is irrational and Gesellschaft is rational, and the question is to what extent the actual group in question approaches each ideal type. Tönnies saw Gemeinschaft-like and Gesellschaft-like relationships in terms of equality relationships (Genossenschaft) and superiority-subordination relationships (Herrschaft). Parents over children, masters over servants, and elders in a community are typical examples of Gemeinschaft-like authority relationships, but in the case of husbands and wives, it is a combination of equality and superiority, and even in Gesellschaft, there is a contradiction between a conceptual equality relationship and an actual relationship of delegation of authority. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Genossenschaft" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ドイツ語ではGenossenschaft,フランス語ではsociété coopérativeという。協同組合の語は,今日においてはほとんどの国で法律によって定義された独自の経済団体の名称となっている。…

【ギルド】より

…まず商人集団が,自らの商人法ius mercatorumをもって国王商人として特定の場所で特権団体を形成する段階があり,ついで他の職種の人びとが市場住民cives forensesとして移住してくる段階もある。第3の段階として市民共同体universitas civiumが結成され,共同体Genossenschaftとしての性格が明瞭になってくる。この段階は同時に最初の定住者である商人層による特権の独占や商人身分が閉鎖化してゆく傾向が芽生えてくる段階でもある。…

【ゲマインシャフト】より

…したがってゲマインシャフトを非合理的,ゲゼルシャフトを合理的と割り切ることはできず,現実の当該集団がどの程度各理念型に近づいているかが問題である。テンニースは同等関係(ゲノッセンシャフトGenossenschaft)と優越・従属関係(ヘルシャフトHerrschaft)について,ゲマインシャフト的なものとゲゼルシャフト的なものを見ていた。子に対する親,召使に対する主人,共同社会での年長者はゲマインシャフト的権威関係の典型であるが,夫妻の場合は同等と優越との組合せとされ,ゲゼルシャフトでも概念上の同等関係と事実上の権威委譲関係との矛盾が見られるとした。…

※「Genossenschaft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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