Guyot, Arnold Henry

Japanese: ギヨー(英語表記)Guyot, Arnold Henry
Guyot, Arnold Henry
Born: September 28, 1807 in Budvor, Switzerland
Died: February 8, 1884. Princeton, New Jersey, USA Swiss geographer and geologist. He aspired to be a theologian, but after associating with Jean-Louis Rodolfo Agassiz, he chose the path of a scientist. He studied geography in Germany under Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Ritter, and lectured in geography and history at the University of Neuchâtel from 1839 to 1848. In 1848 he accompanied Agassiz to the United States, and from 1854 to 1884 he was a professor at Princeton University. He studied geology and meteorology, and made great contributions to glacier surveys and meteorological observations, and made great efforts to establish meteorological observatories in the United States. The flat-topped seamount "Guyot" was named after him by American geophysicist Harry Hammond Hess (1906-69). His major work is The Earth and Man (English translation in 1849).

Guyot
Guyot

Also called flat-topped seamounts. A flat-topped seamount is a seamount that rises 1000m or more above the ocean floor, has a flat top, and is 200m or more below sea level. It was discovered in the North Pacific by H. Hess in 1946, and was named after the geographer A. Guyot. It was subsequently discovered in the South Pacific, the Gulf of Alaska, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean, and it was found that they are widely distributed in the oceans of the world. The tops of the guyots range from 200 to 2500m deep, but most are found at depths of 1000 to 2000m. The presence of basalt gravel and shallow-water fossils at the tops indicates that they were once eroded by waves near the sea surface and then sank for some reason. To date, Cretaceous fossils have been found at a guyot 1800m deep, and Eocene fossils at 1000m deep. In the Pacific Ocean, it is believed that older guyots are distributed further west, and this is one of the reasons for the theory of seafloor spreading.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1807.9.28. スイス,ブドビエ
[没]1884.2.8. アメリカ合衆国,ニュージャージー,プリンストン
スイスの地理学者,地質学者。神学を志したが,ジャン=ルイ・ロドルフォ・アガシーと交わり,科学者の道を選んだ。ドイツでアレクサンダー・フォン・フンボルトやカール・リッターの指導を受けて地理学を修め,1839~48年ヌーシャテル大学で地理と歴史を講じた。1848年アガシーに従ってアメリカ合衆国に渡り,1854~84年プリンストン大学教授。地質学,気象学を研究し,氷河の調査や気象観測に業績を残し,アメリカの気象台の設置に力を尽くした。頂部の平らな海山「ギヨー」はアメリカの地球物理学者ハリー・ハマンド・ヘス(1906~69)がギヨーの名にちなんで命名した。主著『大地と人』The Earth and Man(1849英訳)。

ギヨー
guyot

平頂海山ともいう。大洋底から 1000m以上そびえ立つ海山のうち,その頂部が海面から 200m以上深く,頂上部が平坦なものをいう。 1946年に H.ヘスが北太平洋で発見,地理学者 A.ギヨーにちなんで命名。その後南太平洋,アラスカ湾,インド洋,大西洋からも続々と発見され,全世界の大洋に広く分布していることがわかった。ギヨーの頂部は 200~2500mの深さにわたるが,多くは 1000~2000mの深さに分布する。頂部に玄武岩の円礫や浅海性の化石があることから,かつて海面に近いところで波食を受けたものが,なんらかの原因で沈降したことを示す。現在までに 1800mの深さのギヨーからは白亜紀,1000mのものから始新世の化石が発見されている。太平洋では西側ほど古い時代のギヨーが分布するとみられ,海洋底拡大説の根拠の一つにされる。

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