A bridge-like structure for pedestrians only. Elevated footbridges are constructed to cross the open space of roads and railway tracks. At intersections, many elevated footbridges are built in a crossing or circular shape to allow people to cross the open space above the intersection diagonally. Elevated footbridges are usually rigid frame bridges with piers and girders integrated into one structure. Most bridges have a spiral staircase for accessing and descending to the bridge, but there are also some with a gentle slope for people with baby carriages and for the elderly and sick. Elevated footbridges have been actively installed since around 1966 to address the rapid increase in road traffic congestion and traffic accidents, and are now installed at many important intersections. It goes without saying that pedestrian bridges function as safety facilities, but as they are closely connected to the lives of nearby residents, environmental and aesthetic considerations are also required. Care must also be taken not to cause drivers a sense of psychological oppression. For this reason, simple, straightforward and light rigid frame structures are generally preferred. Those that make extensive use of straight lines and have a sense of dynamism match the atmosphere of expressways, while those that are primarily curved and have a soft, flowing feel will blend in harmoniously with urban areas. Cable-stayed bridges are also used for long pedestrian bridges. There are also pedestrian bridges that have patterns painted on them or have planters installed, creating a fun atmosphere like a small park. [Shoichi Kobayashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
歩行者のみの通行に供するための橋状の構造物。道路や鉄道線路の空間上を横断する目的では高架の歩道橋が建設される。交差点などでは、交差点上の空間を斜めにも通行できるように交差状や環状にした高架歩道橋が多い。高架歩道橋では橋脚と桁(けた)とを一体としたラーメン橋が普通である。橋への昇降には螺旋(らせん)階段式のものが多いが、乳母車(うばぐるま)の利用や老人や病人の便も配慮した、緩やかな坂道のような方式のものもある。高架歩道橋は道路交通の渋滞と交通事故の激増に対処するために1966年(昭和41)ごろから積極的に設置されるようになり、現在では重要交差点の多くに設置されている。 歩道橋は安全施設としての機能を果たすことはいうまでもないが、付近の住民の生活と密接に関連するので、環境上および景観上の配慮も要求される。また、車両の運転者に心理的な圧迫感を与えないように注意しなければならない。そのために一般には簡明直截(ちょくせつ)で軽快なラーメン構造が好まれている。直線を多用し動感をもつものは高速道路などの雰囲気に合致し、曲線を主体とした柔らかい流動感をもつものは市街地などでも調和融合しよう。長大な歩道橋では斜張橋なども用いられている。橋上に模様を描いたり、プランターなどを設置した小公園的な楽しい雰囲気の歩道橋もある。 [小林昭一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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