Spherometer - Spherometer

Japanese: 球面計 - きゅうめんけい
Spherometer - Spherometer

A device for measuring the radius of curvature of a spherical object such as a lens or a spherical mirror. It is also called a spherometer. A commonly used device has three sharp legs at equal intervals at the center of a platform, with a leg that moves up and down using a micrometer screw or dial gauge mechanism, and measures the height of the center of the object by reading the position where the tip of the leg touches the object surface. The radius of curvature of the sphere is calculated from the height of the center of the object surface measured based on the state where the tip of the movable leg is on a plane including the tips of the three legs, and the average distance between the three legs. This is a classic device, and in recent years, three-dimensional measuring machines, which can measure shapes other than spherical surfaces, are often used for this purpose. A three-dimensional measuring machine measures the shape of an object by moving a probe while touching it, and can also display the difference from an ideal shape (such as a spherical surface).

The radius of curvature of a sphere can also be measured optically, and the device used for this purpose is called a spherometer.

[Mitsui Kiyoto]

Principle of Dial Gauge Type Spherometer
©Shogakukan ">

Principle of Dial Gauge Type Spherometer


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

レンズや球面鏡など、球面形状をもつ物体面の曲率半径を測定する器械。スフェロメーターspherometerともいう。一般に使われるものは、先端のとがった3本の脚を等間隔に配置した台の中央に、マイクロメーターねじまたはダイヤルゲージ機構によって上下に動く脚を設け、その先端が物体面に触れる位置を読み取ることによって物体面中央部の高さを測定する。可動脚の先端が3脚の先端を含む平面上にある状態を基準として測った物体面中央部の高さと、3脚相互間の平均距離から球面の曲率半径を計算する。これは古典的な器械であり、近年では球面以外の形状も測定できる三次元測定機をこの目的に利用することが多い。三次元測定機はプローブ(探針)を対象物に接触させながら移動させて形状を測定するもので、理想の形状(たとえば球面)との差を表示することもできる。

 なお、球面の曲率半径は光学的方法によっても測定でき、このための装置も球面計とよんでいる。

[三井清人]

ダイヤルゲージ式球面計の原理
©Shogakukan">

ダイヤルゲージ式球面計の原理


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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