Orlando (English spelling) Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

Japanese: オルランド - おるらんど(英語表記)Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Orlando (English spelling) Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

Italian jurist and politician. Founder of Italian public law based on German jurisprudence, professor of constitutional law at the University of Rome (1901-1931). Elected as a member of parliament from 1897 onwards, he served as a cabinet minister from 1903 onwards, and contributed to Italy's victory as Prime Minister of the national unity government immediately after the defeat at Caporetto (October 1917) during World War I. He continued to govern after the war and participated in the Paris Peace Conference as Italy's chief representative, but his opinion was not accepted on the Fiume issue, and he resigned as Prime Minister in June 1919 amid criticism from nationalistic public opinion in the country. Later, as a member of parliament, he was sympathetic to Fascism, but after January 3, 1925, he declared himself anti-Fascist. Under the Fascist regime, he left politics, but supported the Resistance from a conservative standpoint. After World War II, he became a member of the Constituent Assembly and later served as a Senator.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

[References] | Fascism | Fiume problem

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの法学者、政治家。ドイツ法学に基づくイタリア公法の創立者、ローマ大学憲法学教授(1901~1931)。1897年以降代議士に連続当選するとともに、1903年以来閣僚を歴任し、第一次世界大戦中、カポレットの敗戦(1917年10月)直後には挙国一致政府の首相としてイタリアの勝利に貢献した。戦後も引き続いて政権を担当し、パリ平和会議にイタリアの首席代表として参加したが、フィウーメ問題で意見が認められず、国粋的国内世論の非難のなかで1919年6月首相を辞任した。その後、国会議員としてファシズムに好意的であったが、1925年1月3日以後、反ファシズムを宣言した。ファシズム体制下では政界を去ったが、保守的立場からレジスタンスを支持した。第二次世界大戦後、制憲議会の議員となり、その後上院議員を務めた。

[重岡保郎]

[参照項目] | ファシズム | フィウーメ問題

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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