A document that is forged with a specific purpose. Forgeries based on the function of the document are called bosho (plots), and were forbidden in ancient times, such as the 'Ritsu' (laws), the 'Goseibaishikimoku' (laws of punishment), and the 'Osadamegaki' (laws of authority) in the Edo period, and those who broke them were severely punished. In contrast, there are cases where documents are forged with an emphasis on the contents or the document's status as an antique, rather than on its function. For example, people ranging from metalworkers and various craftsmen and merchants to entertainers forged many documents from the Warring States period to the early modern period to show the origin and basis of their privileges. Forgeries are also seen in various forms, such as buying family trees and documents to embellish one's family lineage and maintain the family's reputation, and collecting handwriting of famous people of the past out of antiquarianism. [Ueshima Yu] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある目的をもって偽作された文書のこと。文書の機能に即して偽作されたものはとくに謀書(ぼうしょ)といい、古くは「律」の規定をはじめとして、「御成敗式目(ごせいばいしきもく)」、江戸時代の「御定書(おさだめがき)」においても禁じられ、破れば厳罰に処せられた。これに対して、文書の機能そのものよりも、その記載内容あるいは骨董品(こっとうひん)としての文書に重点を置いて偽作される場合がある。たとえば鋳物師(いもじ)をはじめ各種の手工業者・商人から芸能民に至るまでの人々が、その特権の由来・根拠を示すものとして、戦国時代から近世初頭にかけて多数の文書を偽作している。また自己の家系を飾り、家の面目を保つために系図や文書を買い、好古趣味から過去の著名人の筆跡を集める場合などにも多様な形で偽文書がみられる。 [上島 有] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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