A general term for the family Heptathela kimurai , Arthropoda, Arachnida, and one of its species. It lives in holes that it digs into the ground on sloping areas such as cliffs, with hinged doors at the entrance. The spider hides inside, but looks out through the gaps in the door, and when food approaches, it jumps out to capture it. It uses very little silk, only around the entrances to houses, doors, and egg capsules. It is 10-15 mm long, yellowish brown, and retains vestiges of a segmented structure in its abdomen (fossil spiders have a segmented structure). It has attracted attention as a primitive spider because it has seven spinnerets and the spinnerets are separated from the anus, and is called a "living fossil." It is believed that this species has retained its primitive form without significant change due to its underground life, where the environment does not change significantly. It was first discovered by willow researcher Yuka Kimura in 1920 (Taisho 9), hence the name. In recent years, its habitat has been gradually encroached upon due to housing development and other reasons, and a conservation movement has been launched. Kimuragu spiders were known to be found in the prefectures of Fukuoka, Oita, Kumamoto, Kagoshima, and Okinawa, but in 1980, a second species of Kimuragu spider was discovered on the main island of Okinawa, named Okinawa Kimuragu spider H. nishihirai . There is a question as to whether the species found south of Okinawa is the Okinawa Kimuragu spider or a mixture of the two. There are three species of the same genus in China, and several species of the closely related family Lithopodidae (with eight spinnerets) are found in Southeast Asia. [Takeo Yaginuma] ©Tomita Hyakushu "> Major Types of Spiders (2) Terrestrial (Specimen Drawings) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
節足動物門クモ形綱真正クモ目キムラグモ科の総称、およびそのなかの1種。和名キムラグモHeptathela kimuraiは、崖(がけ)地などの傾斜した所に地中に穴を掘ってすみ、穴の入口は丁番(ちょうつがい)式の扉をつける。クモは中に潜んでいるが扉のすきまから外をうかがい、餌(えさ)となるものが近づくと飛び出してとらえる。糸の使用量は少なく、住居の入口付近、扉、卵嚢(らんのう)などに用いる程度である。体長10~15ミリメートル、黄褐色で腹部に環節構造の名残(なごり)をとどめていること(化石グモには環節構造がある)。出糸突起が7個あること、出糸突起と肛門(こうもん)の間が離れているなどの点で原始的なクモとして注目され、「生きた化石」といわれている。環境の変化が著しくない地中生活のために、あまり変化せずに原始的な形態をとどめているものと思われる。1920年(大正9)にヤナギの研究家木村有香によって初めて発見されたのでこの名がある。近年、宅地造成などのために生息地がしだいに侵されつつあり、保護運動がおこっている。 キムラグモの分布は、福岡、大分、熊本、鹿児島、沖縄の諸県が知られていたが、1980年(昭和55)に第二のキムラグモが沖縄本島から発見されオキナワキムラグモH. nishihiraiと名づけられた。沖縄以南のものはオキナワキムラグモであるか、両者が入り交じっているのか、という問題がおこっている。同属のものは中国に3種あり、またこの科に近似のハラフシグモ科(出糸突起8個)のもの数種が東南アジアに分布している。 [八木沼健夫] ©冨田百秋"> クモのおもな種類(2)地中性〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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