Onmyouka - Inyo-ka

One of the "nine schools" of ancient Chinese thought. Also a thinker of that school. In the "Da Shi Gong Ji Xu" (Preface to the Great Historian's Writings), the Onmyoji is listed as the leader of schools such as Confucianism and Mohism, and describes its characteristics as "I have secretly observed the art of Onmyoji, and found that it is extremely detailed and has many taboos, which often make people obsess and fear it, but I cannot abandon its role in ordering the sequence of the four seasons." The Yin and Yang section of the Zhuzi Lue in the "Arts and Literature Records" in the "Book of Han" contains 369 pieces from 21 families, including 49 chapters on Zou Zi (Yan), 56 chapters on Zou Zi's Beginnings, and 12 chapters on Zou Seki Zi. In addition, the "Heika Lue" contains 349 chapters on 16 families of Yin and Yang, and the "Mathematics Lue" contains 652 volumes on 31 families of Five Elements, showing the prosperity of Yin and Yang scholars during the Han dynasty, but after the "Jingji Lue" in the "Book of Sui" there is no section on Yin and Yang scholars, and they are all included in the "Five Elements" section. This theory was introduced to Japan long ago, and the Onmyoryo (bureau of Onmyoryo) of the Taiho Code (Taiho-ryo) had onmyoji (master of yin and yang) and onmyohakase (professor of yin and yang), who were in charge of matters such as yin and yang, the five elements (gogyo), astronomy, and the calendar. This developed into the science of onmyodo (way of the way of onmyodo) after the Heian period.

[Shohachi Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代中国の諸学派「九流」の一つ。またその学派の思想家。『史記(しき)』の「大史公自序」では、陰陽家を儒家、墨家(ぼくか)などの諸家の首(はじめ)にあげ、その特色を「密(ひそ)かに陰陽の術を観察したことがあったが、頗(すこ)ぶる詳細で色々の禁忌(きんき)すべきことがあり、人をこだわらせ、畏(おそ)れさすことが多いが、四季の順序を秩序づけるところは捨てることができない」といっている。『漢書(かんじょ)』の「芸文志(げいもんし)」諸子略の陰陽部には「鄒子(すうし)（衍(えん)）四九篇(へん)、鄒子終始五六篇、鄒奭子(すうせきし)一二篇」など、21家369篇が記載され、そのほか兵家(へいか)略に陰陽16家349篇、数術略に五行31家652巻があり、漢代における陰陽家の隆盛を示しているが、『隋書(ずいしょ)』の「経籍志(けいせきし)」以後になると陰陽家の部はなく「五行」の部に包括されてしまった。この説は、日本にはつとに伝来し、大宝令(たいほうりょう)の陰陽寮(おんみょうりょう)には陰陽師(おんみょうじ)、陰陽博士(おんみょうはかせ)が置かれ、陰陽、五行(ごぎょう)、天文、暦などのことをつかさどった。これが、平安朝以後は陰陽道(おんみょうどう)として発展した。

［中村璋八］

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