Sound barrier

Japanese: 音の壁 - おとのかべ（英語表記）sound barrier

The term "wall" is used to describe the various obstacles that aircraft encounter when attempting to fly faster than the speed of sound, and the metaphor is that these walls must be broken through in order to fly at supersonic speeds. When an aircraft approaches the speed of sound, strong shock waves are generated in various parts of the aircraft due to the compression of the air. When a shock wave is generated on the wing surface, the airflow downstream separates, causing a sudden change in lift, a shift in the center of pressure, and a significant increase in drag. In addition, the separated flow is accompanied by strong turbulence, which causes vibrations in the aircraft, creating technical difficulties. As a result, many pilots have lost their lives when they hit the sound barrier while aiming for supersonic speeds. Among them, the first man in human history to successfully fly at supersonic speed was American Captain Charles (Chuck) Eager aboard the Bell X-1 research aircraft in 1947.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

航空機が音速をこえて飛ぼうとするときに遭遇するさまざまな障害をたとえて「壁」という表現が使われ，超音速で飛ぶにはこの壁を突破しなければならないという比喩。航空機が音速に近づくと空気の圧縮によって機体各部に強い衝撃波が生ずる。衝撃波が翼面にできると，その下流の気流がはがれて，揚力の急変と圧力中心の移動および抗力の著しい増大が起こる。また剥離流は強い乱れを伴うので機体に振動が加わるなど，技術的な難問が発生する。そのため超音速を目指して音の壁にぶつかり，命を落とした操縦士も少なくない。そのなかで人類初の超音速飛行に成功したのは 1947年ベルX-1研究機に乗ったアメリカ合衆国のチャールズ (チャック) ・イーガー大尉であった。

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