A city in the southwest of England, United Kingdom. A unitary authority. In 1998, it was separated from the county of Devon and became a unitary authority. It is a port city on the English Channel coast, located between the rivers Plym and Thame, which flow into Plymouth Bay, and its eastern part is a military port. It was already recorded as a port city in the land survey document "Doomsday Book" (1086) by William I, but trade flourished in the 14th century, and it developed rapidly after it became a base for transporting troops to France. In the 16th century, Walter Raleigh set sail from here to colonize Virginia in the Americas, and it was also the departure point for the British fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1620, the Mayflower, carrying American colonists, docked here to avoid a storm. It was heavily damaged by air raids during World War II, but after the war, the city center was redeveloped, including shopping districts and business districts, and modernization progressed. Light industrial districts are planned and located in the suburbs. Devonport in the southwest is home to a naval dockyard, and there are industries such as machinery, shoemaking, clothing, precision machinery, fertilizers, and chemicals. These products are mainly exported from the port, and timber, fruit, vegetables, grains, and coal are imported. The port is also important as a yachting base. The city has the reconstructed St. Andrew's Cathedral, a 19th century guildhall, various museums, and is home to the headquarters of the British Marine Biological Society. It is the birthplace of explorer Robert F. Scott. Area: 79 km2 . Population: 246,100 (2005 estimate). Plymouth |
イギリス,イングランド南西部の都市。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。1998年にデボン県から分離して単一自治体となった。イギリス海峡沿岸の港湾都市で,プリマス湾に注ぐプリム川とテーマー川に挟まれて位置し,東部が軍港となっている。ウィリアム1世による土地調査書『ドゥームズデイ・ブック』(1086)にすでに港町として記されているが,14世紀に入って貿易が盛んとなり,フランスへの兵員輸送基地となってから急速に発展。16世紀にはウォルター・ローリーがアメリカ大陸のバージニア植民のためここから出航,また 1588年スペイン無敵艦隊を破ったイギリス艦隊の出航地でもある。1620年にはアメリカ入植者を乗せた『メイフラワー』号が嵐を避けて寄港した。第2次世界大戦では空襲で大被害を受けたが,戦後商店街,ビジネス街などを含む都心の再開発が進み,近代化が進行。郊外には計画的に軽工業地区が配置されている。南西部のデボンポートに海軍造船所があるほか,機械,製靴,衣料,精密機械,肥料,化学などの工業が行なわれる。港からはおもにそれらの製品が輸出され,木材,果実,野菜,穀物,石炭などを輸入する。港はヨット基地としても重要。市内には再建された聖アンドルー聖堂,19世紀のギルドホールや各種の博物館があり,イギリス海洋生物学協会本部が置かれている。探検家ロバート・F.スコットの生地。面積 79km2。人口 24万6100(2005推計)。
プリマス
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