Gulf of Guinea

Japanese: ギニア湾 - ぎにあわん(英語表記)Gulf of Guinea
Gulf of Guinea

This is the area where the Atlantic Ocean enters the area where the African continent bends from West Africa to Central Africa. The western end is Cape Palmas in Liberia (7°43′W, 4°22′N), and the southern end is Cape Lopez in Gabon (8°42′E, 0°38′S). The western part of the arc-shaped delta of the Niger River, located almost in the center, is called the Gulf of Benin, and the eastern part is called the Gulf of Biafra. Within the gulf, a linear chain of volcanic islands, such as Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), Principe Island, São Tomé Island (both São Tomé and Príncipe), and Pagar Island (Equatorial Guinea), floats from the north to the southwest. The seawater in the gulf does not get very hot even though it is directly on the equator, and cold water masses are generated. As a result, the amount of evaporation is suppressed, and the wind blowing inland is relatively dry, which is said to suppress the development of tropical lowland forests. The region along the Gulf of Guinea is known for the deep scars that have been left behind by trade with Europe during the colonial period, including (from west to east) the Grain Coast (Liberia), the Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), the Gold Coast (Ghana), and the Slave Coast (Togo, Benin, and Nigeria).

[Nobuyuki Hori]

[Reference items] | Golden Coast | Grain Coast

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アフリカ大陸が西アフリカから中央アフリカへ大きく屈曲する所へ、大西洋が湾入する海域。西端はリベリアのパルマス岬(西経7度43分、北緯4度22分)、南端はガボンのロペス岬(東経8度42分、南緯0度38分)で、ほぼ中央部にあるニジェール川の円弧状三角州の西部をベナン湾、東部をビアフラ湾とよぶ。湾内には、北東―南西方向に、北からビオコ島(赤道ギニア)、プリンシペ島、サントメ島(ともにサントメ・プリンシペ)、パガル島(赤道ギニア)などの火山列島が線状に浮かんでいる。湾内の海水は赤道直下にあってもあまり高温にならず、冷水塊も発生する。そのため蒸発量は抑えられ、内陸側へ吹き込む風は比較的に乾燥しやすく、熱帯低地林の発達を抑えているといわれる。なおギニア湾岸沿いの地域は、植民地時代にヨーロッパとの交易で、西から穀物海岸(リベリア)、象牙(ぞうげ)海岸(コートジボワール)、黄金海岸(ガーナ)、「奴隷海岸」(トーゴ、ベナン、ナイジェリア)という、アフリカの歴史に深い傷跡を示す地名が残った所として知られる。

[堀 信行]

[参照項目] | 黄金海岸 | 穀物海岸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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