Khitan script - Khitan moji

Japanese: 契丹文字 - きったんもじ
Khitan script - Khitan moji

Khitan script has large characters and small characters. The large characters were established in 920 by Taizu Yelü Abaoji of the Liao dynasty, and later Taizu's younger brother Di Pao created the small characters using Uighur language as a reference. The large characters are ideographic characters, while the small characters are phonetic characters with phonetic value, and are compound characters made up of a single character or a combination of two to seven small characters, with particles and verb suffixes included in one compound character. Small characters are usually arranged from left to right with a limit of two characters. If there are more than two, they are stacked on the bottom row, and two characters on the same row are arranged from left to right. Khitan script was used as the official script during the Liao and Jin dynasties.

Due to a lack of documents, the Khitan script could only be roughly guessed, but in 1922, the Belgian missionary Kervin discovered a Khitan-written memorial tablet (tombstone inscription) at Qingling and introduced it to the academic world. The tablets are currently housed in the Shenyang Museum, and one set of the lid and body of the memorial tablet for Daozong and Empress Xuanyi has Khitan characters written on a total of four sides, and although the whereabouts of the other tombstones are unknown, two leaves containing copies of the Khitan script from the memorial tablets for Heungzong and Empress Inyi remain.

[Yoshihiro Kawachi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

契丹文字には大字と小字がある。大字は遼(りょう)の太祖耶律阿保機(やりつあぼき)が920年に制定し、その後、太祖の弟の迭剌(てつら)がウイグル語を参考として小字をつくった。大字は表意文字であり、小字は音価をもつ表音文字で、単独ないし2個以上7個までの小字を組み合わせた合成文字であり、1合成文字のうちに助詞や動詞の接尾語が含まれる。小字の組合せ順序は、普通には左から右に2個を限度として並べる。それ以上のときは下段に重ね、同一段の2個は左から右へ並べる。契丹文字は遼・金(きん)代に公用文字として用いられた。

 契丹文字は資料不足のためそのおおよそを推測するほかなかったが、1922年ベルギー人宣教師ケルビンが慶陵(けいりょう)で契丹文の哀冊(あいさく)(墓碑銘)を発見して学界に紹介した。哀冊は現在は瀋陽(しんよう)博物館に収蔵されているが、そのうち道宗と宣懿(せんい)皇后哀冊の蓋(ふた)と身1組、合計4面に契丹文字が記され、このほかに碑石は所在不明であるが、興宗と仁懿(じんい)皇后哀冊の契丹文を鈔写(しょうしゃ)した2葉が残っている。

[河内良弘]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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