A British poet. Along with Byron and Shelley, he is one of the most representative Romantic figures. He was born on October 31st in London to a stablemaster who worked at a stable for a carriage rental business. He lost his father when he was eight and his mother when he was 14, leading to an unhappy life from an early age. He first became an apprentice to a doctor, then studied at a hospital as a medical student, eventually earning a pharmacist's license, but gradually he became interested in writing poetry. In 1817, he published his first collection of poems, "The Poems of John Keats," but the response was poor. The following year, inspired by the Greek myth of the moon goddess falling in love with the beautiful young shepherd Endymion and putting him to sleep forever to monopolise him, he published four volumes (4,060 lines) of the long narrative poem "Endymion," but the public's reviews were not good. In the same year, he fell passionately in love with a woman named Fanny Brawne, but it was not a happy relationship. In addition, he lost his beloved younger brother Tom to tuberculosis, and Keats was often depressed from 1818 to 1819. Nevertheless, it is true that such thoughts added depth to his works. The year 1819 was called his "wonderful year," and he produced masterpieces one after another, including several narrative poems, ballads (folk-style narrative poems), and odes (chants). The following year, he published "Laimia, Isabella, the Eve of the Feast of St. Agnes, and Other Poems," which contains many of these masterpieces and represents a pinnacle in the work of the English Romantic poet. However, the same disease that had taken his brother from him had already begun to eat away at him. According to his doctors' opinion, his only chance of survival was to move to the warmer climate of Italy, and with the kind permission of his friends, he left England in September 1820 and arrived in Italy in November, but his illness finally worsened, and he died at his lodgings in Rome on the night of February 23, 1821, at the age of 25, and was buried in the English Cemetery there. Inscribed on his tombstone is the phrase "Here lies he whose name is written on the waters." Notable among his unfinished works are the narrative poem "Hyperion" based on Greek mythology and its adaptation "The Fall of Hyperion." The latter in particular hints at Keats's intellectual achievement, and if completed, it might have become his masterpiece. Furthermore, his Letters (1848, published posthumously) are indispensable for understanding the poet. Not only do they contain vivid descriptions of events and people, but they also contain many fragmentary but highly suggestive poetic essays, showing an important aspect of 19th century British literary thought. [Mikoshi Member 3] "Keats: A Handbook of English and American Literature" by Branden, translated by Kikuchi Wataru (1956, Kenkyusha Publishing) [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの詩人。バイロン、シェリーと並んでロマン派を代表する。貸馬車業者の馬屋に勤める馬丁長を父として10月31日ロンドンに生まれた。8歳で父に、14歳で母に死別し、早くから不幸な生活を味わう。最初、医師の徒弟となり、のち医学生として病院に学び、薬剤師の資格まで手に入れたが、しだいに詩作に興味を覚えるようになる。 1817年、処女詩集『ジョン・キーツ詩集』を発表したが、反響は乏しく、翌年、月の女神が羊飼いの美青年エンディミオンに恋して彼を独占するため永遠に眠らせておいたというギリシア神話に想を得て、長編物語詩『エンディミオン』4巻(4060行)を重ねて世に問うたが、世評は芳しいとはいえなかった。同年、ファニー・ブローンという女性と激しい恋に落ちたが、それは幸福な恋愛ではなかった。また最愛の弟トムを肺結核で失うといった事情も重なって、18年から19年にかけてのキーツは暗澹(あんたん)たる思いに沈むことが多かった。にもかかわらず、そのような思いが彼の作品に一段と深みを加えるに至ったことも事実である。19年は彼の「驚異の1年」といわれて、数編の物語詩、バラッド(民謡風物語詩)、オード(頌詩(しょうし))などの傑作を次々に生み出した。これらの秀作の多くを収めて翌年公にした『レイミア、イザベラ、聖女アグネス祭の前夜、その他の詩集』は、イギリスのロマン派詩人の作品中、一つの頂点を形づくるものである。しかし、彼から弟を奪ったのと同じ病が、すでに彼自身をもむしばみ始めていた。医師の意見によれば、生存の唯一のチャンスは温暖なイタリアに転地することであり、友人たちの好意によって、20年9月にイギリスをあとにし、11月にはイタリアに到着したが、病はついにあらたまって、21年2月23日の夜ローマの宿舎で25年の生涯を閉じ、同地のイギリス人墓地に埋葬された。墓には、生前の希望により、「水の上にその名を誌(しる)されたる者ここに横たわる」という句が刻まれている。 未完に終わった作品中注目すべきものに、ギリシア神話に基づいた物語詩『ハイピリオン』およびその改作『ハイピリオンの没落』がある。とくに後者は、キーツの思想的な到達点を暗示するもので、もし完成されていたならば彼の代表作になっていたかもしれない。さらに、この詩人を理解するために逸することができないのは、その『書簡集』(1848、没後刊)である。事件や人物の生き生きとした描写がみられるばかりでなく、断片的ながらきわめて示唆に富んだ詩論を多く含んでいて、19世紀イギリスの文学思想の重要な一面を示している。 [御輿員三] 『ブランデン著、菊地亘訳『英米文学ハンドブック キーツ』(1956・研究社出版)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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