Caricature - Caricature

Japanese: 《カリカチュール》 - かりかちゅーる

… With the rapid advances in printing technology in the 19th century, journalism also developed, and caricature, which was originally closely related to printmaking, also had a wide influence in newspapers and magazines. In the first half of the 19th century, magazines such as La Caricature (1830) and Charivari (1832) were published in France, Punch (1841) in England, Fliegende Blätter (1845) in Munich, and Il Fischietto (1848) in Italy. At the end of the century, important magazines specializing in caricature included Le Rire (1894) and Assiette au Beurre (1901) in France, and Simplicissimus (1894) in Germany, which published illustrations that were either radical or sophisticated, satirical, or humorous, on social and political issues. Writers active in France in the mid-19th century included Granville, Trabiès, Gavarni, H. Monnier, Gilles, and Daumier, and King Louis-Philippe was symbolized by a pear and was the target of their harsh satire.

From Granville

...His lithograph collection "Metamorphoses at Noon" (1829) showed his love of animal-headed figures and transformations, and gained him fame. From 1830 to 1836, he contributed to the magazines "Caricature" and "Charivari" with Daumier and others, and was at the forefront of fierce political satire, but his true talent lies in the works of his later period, which were born of the unrestrained imagination. His copperplate engraving collection "Another World" (1844) features light-hearted drawings of the inhabitants of another world that is outside the order of reality, and despite the strange and bizarre images, a dry, childlike brightness dominates the whole collection. ...

From Sharibari

…It ran from 1832 to 1893. It was published by the draughtsman Charles Philipon (1806-62), who had already founded the political satire weekly La Caricature in 1830, and featured cartoons drawn by such excellent draughtsmen as Granville, Daumier, Gavarni, and Cham (1819-79). During the July Monarchy in particular, it was subject to censorship many times in the campaign against Louis Philippe, and contributed to creating public opinion for the February Revolution (1848). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Caricature" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　19世紀の印刷技術の躍進に伴ってジャーナリズムも発達し，もともと版画と関係の深かったカリカチュアも，新聞，雑誌などを舞台として広い影響を及ぼす。19世紀の前半ではフランスの《カリカチュールLa Caricature》(1830)，《シャリバリ》(1832)，イギリスの《パンチ》(1841)，ミュンヘンの《フリーゲンデ･ブレッターFliegende Blätter》(1845)，イタリアの《フィスキエットIl Fischietto》(1848)などの雑誌が発刊され，世紀末にはフランスの《リールLe Rire》(1894)，《アシエット･オー･ブールAssiette au Beurre》(1901)，ドイツの《ジンプリチシムス》(1894)などが重要な戯画の専門誌で，社会や政治への過激な，あるいは洗練された風刺やユーモアのある挿絵を載せた。19世紀中期にフランスで活躍した作家はグランビル，トラビエス，ガバルニ，H.モニエ，ジル，ドーミエらで，国王ルイ･フィリップは洋梨に記号化されて辛辣な風刺の的とされた。…

【グランビル】より

…石版画集《真昼のメタモルフォーズ》(1829)で獣頭人物や変身への偏愛を示し，名声を得た。30‐36年にドーミエらとともに《カリカチュール》誌や《シャリバリ》誌に寄稿，激しい政治風刺の先鋒に立つが，その本領は後期の奔放な空想力が生んだ作品群にある。銅版画集《もう一つの世界》(1844)は現実の秩序を外れた別世界の住民たちが軽快なデッサンで描かれ，その異様で怪奇なイメージにもかかわらず，幼児的な乾いた明るさが全体を支配している。…

【シャリバリ】より

…1832年より93年まで続いた。すでに1830年に政治風刺の週刊誌《カリカチュールLa Caricature》を創刊していた素描家フィリポンCharles Philipon(1806‐62)によって刊行され，グランビル，ドーミエ，ガバルニ，シャムCham(1819‐79)などの優れた素描家の手で風刺漫画が描かれた。とりわけ七月王政期に，反ルイ･フィリップのキャンペーンで幾度も検閲の対象となり，二月革命(1848)の世論をつくり上げるのに貢献した。…

※「《カリカチュール》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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