Kitamae Ship

Japanese: 北前船 - きたまえぶね

〘Noun〙① The Kamigata name for Hokkoku-sen, a type of cargo ship that played a major role in shipping in the Sea of Japan from the early to mid-Edo period. Early on, there were already large ships with a capacity of over 1,000 koku, with a unique hull shape with a rounded bow and no palisades on the sides, and the characteristics of medieval cargo ships that were rowed except when the wind was favorable, so they required a large crew, and from the mid-Edo period onwards they were overwhelmed by the economical bensai-sen, which were exclusively sailed. [Wakan Senyoshu (1766)]② A ship that was an improvement on the bensai-sen during the Edo period. From the Tenpo period ( 1830-44 ) onwards, the bow curve was made larger than that of the previous bensai-sen, and the width of the stern was expanded, allowing the ship to carry a large amount of cargo for its hull size, and this name was used to distinguish it from the Kamigata-style bensai-sen. ※Yamato-gata-sen (1902) Manufacturing Dimensions, No. 7 "Kitamae-bune can be distinguished from Higaki-barrel ships at a glance." ③ In Kamigata, this refers to the cargo ships in the Sea of Japan region that were active in trade with Hokkaido from the Edo period to the mid-Meiji period. It does not refer to a specific type of ship. It can also refer to cargo ships from the Setouchi and Kyushu regions engaged in trade with northern countries. ※East-West Ship Route Famous Places Record (1838) "Places of arrival in Osaka for ships from various provinces: Kitamae-bune on the northern country route, Naniwabashi"

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 江戸初期から中期にかけて日本海海運の主力となって活躍した廻船の北国船の上方での呼称。初期にすでに千石積以上の大船があり、船首形状がまるく、舷側に垣立のない特異な船型で、順風時以外は櫂で漕ぐという中世的廻船の性格をもつものであったため、多数の乗組を必要とし、江戸中期以降は帆走専用の経済的な弁才船に圧倒されて滅びた。〔和漢船用集（1766）〕② 江戸時代、弁才船を改良した船。天保期（一八三〇‐四四）以後従来の弁才船より船首のそりを大きく淦間(あかま)の幅を拡大するなど、船体寸法の割に多量の積荷ができる船型に変えたもので、これを上方系の弁才船と区別して称した。※大和形船製造寸法書（1902）七「北前船と檜垣・樽船とは一見して之を識別し得べし」③ 江戸時代から明治中期にかけて北海道貿易に活躍した日本海地域の廻船を上方でいう。特定の船型を意味しない。また、瀬戸内・九州地方の買積船で北国貿易に従事するものを称する場合もある。※東西船路名所記（1838）諸国之船大坂着場所「北国路北前船難波ばし」

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