Attribution theory - Zurechnungstheorie (German)

Japanese: 帰属理論 - きぞくりろん(英語表記)Zurechnungstheorie ドイツ語
Attribution theory - Zurechnungstheorie (German)

In the subjective theory of value, the value of consumer goods is determined by the utility (especially marginal utility) felt by consumers, but the value of producer goods for which consumers do not feel utility cannot be determined. Therefore, imputation theory attempts to explain the value of producer goods as a reflection of the subjective value of the consumer goods they produce, that is, by attributing the value of consumer goods. It was founded by C. Menger of the Austrian School.

This theory is fine when capital goods are substitutes for each other in the production of a certain product (they can be used interchangeably), but it is difficult to explain when capital goods are complementary (they cannot be substituted and can only be used in combination). Therefore, Boehm-Bawerk created the loss principle, which considers the loss of product value caused by removing a capital good to be the value of that capital good, and F. Wieser proposed the equation method, in which when two capital goods produce two different consumer goods, they are divided into two equations and solved simultaneously. These theories eventually developed into the marginal productivity theory of distribution. This theory has been criticized by Marxist economics, for example, that if the attribution theory is implemented, it would simply mean that products of equal value are produced from capital goods of equal value, and there is no explanation for surplus at all.

[Tetsuya Hitosugi]

"Principles of National Economics" by C. Menger, translated by Takuma Yasui (1937, Nippon Hyoronsha) " "The Fundamentals of the Value of Economic Goods" by E. V. Boehm-Bawerk, translated by Yoshinori Nagamori (Iwanami Bunko)"

[References] | Wieser | Marginal utility | Marginal productivity theory | Böhm-Bawerk | Menger

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

主観価値説においては、消費財の価値は消費者がそれに対して感ずる効用(とくに限界効用)によって決定されるとするが、消費者が効用を感じない生産財の価値は決定できない。そこで生産財の価値を、それが生産する消費財の主観価値の反映として、つまり消費財の価値を帰属させることによって説明しようとするのが帰属理論である。オーストリア学派のC・メンガーによって創始された。

 この理論は、ある生産物の生産において生産財が互いに代替的(置き換えても使えること)なときは問題ないが、生産財が互いに補完的(置き換えることができず、結合してのみ使えること)なときの説明が困難である。そこでベーム・バベルクは、ある生産財を取り去ったためにおこる生産物価値の喪失をもって当生産財の価値とする喪失原理をつくり、またF・ウィーザーは、二つの生産財が二つの異なる消費財をつくる場合に、これを二つの方程式にして同時に解くという形の方程式法を提唱した。これらの理論は、やがて分配の限界生産力説に発展した。この理論に対しては、たとえば、帰属理論が貫徹すれば、それは等価値の生産財から等価値の生産物が生まれるにすぎないことになり、剰余の説明がまったくつかないなど、マルクス経済学からの批判がある。

[一杉哲也]

『C・メンガー著、安井琢磨訳『国民経済学原理』(1937・日本評論社)』『E・v・ボェーム・バベルク著、長守善訳『経済的財価値の基礎理論』(岩波文庫)』

[参照項目] | ウィーザー | 限界効用 | 限界生産力説 | ベーム・バベルク | メンガー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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