fictitious parent-child relationship

Japanese: 擬制的親子関係 - ぎせいてきおやこかんけい

A relationship in which people who are not biological parents and children agree to share certain roles as if they were biological parents and children. However, this does not include adoption. This type of relationship has existed for a long time, both in Japan and overseas, and has many forms and functions. In foreign countries, the relationship between a godfather or godmother and a child who is to be baptized in Catholic societies is well known. In the Catholic community of Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture, this relationship is called dakioya and dakigo. The relationship between boss and subordinate in the yakuza world is also formed through a certain ceremony, and is accompanied by strict rights and obligations, but there are also institutionalized boss-subordinate relationships among ordinary people, and between the two there is a bilateral relationship of protection and service that is accompanied by obligation and human feelings.

[Koichi Maruyama]

Temporary Parent

In a fictitious parent-child relationship, the parents from the child's point of view are sometimes called kari-oya (parents who adopt the child). There are two types of kari-oya: parents who adopt the child, parents who give birth, parents who give birth, etc., and parents who act as eboshi-oya (parents who wear caps), heko-oya (parents who wear infant clothes), kane-oya (parents who wear iron powder), and fude-oya (parents who wear brushes). The former have a magical meaning, praying for the healthy growth of the child's mind and body, and sometimes priests or monks are asked to act as kari-oya. In the latter case, influential people are asked to act as kari-oya, in the hope that they will help the child advance in society. In either case, the consent of the kari-oya is of course required, but as the word "oyakatadori" indicates, it is noteworthy that the kari-oya are chosen by the child or his/her biological father. Behind this is the idea that it is an honor to be asked to act as a kari-oya, while on the side of the child and his/her biological father, there are circumstances that make them want to have a certain reciprocal and bilateral role relationship with the kari-oya. The relationship between a foster parent and a biological father is one of mutual assistance, which is somewhat horizontal, when the parents become parents at birth, but when they reach adulthood, it seems to be a more vertical relationship of protection and service. A foster parent may be called a contract parent, but it is not a simple contract, as it involves unlimited feelings of gratitude and rituals. This is why it is necessary to liken it to the innate blood relationship between parent and child.

[Koichi Maruyama]

"Boss and his subordinates" (included in "Ariga Kizaemon Collected Works Volume 9", Miraisha, 1963) " Hattori Harunori, "Boss and his subordinates and the main branch family - An analysis of village clans in Yamanashi Prefecture" (1978, Ochanomizu Shobo)

[Reference] | Master and Apprentice

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

実の親子ではない者が、互いに合意のうえで実の親子であるかのような一定の役割関係をもつこと。しかし、これには養子縁組は含めない。このような関係は、国内外ともに古くから多くの形態と機能をもっている。外国の場合、カトリック社会におけるゴッドファーザー（代父）・ゴッドマザー（代母）と洗礼を受ける子供の関係が知られている。長崎県五島(ごとう)のカトリック社会では、この関係をダキオヤ・ダキゴとよんでいる。やくざの世界における親分・子分関係も一定の儀式を経て結ばれ、厳格な権利・義務関係を伴うが、一般庶民の間にも制度的な親方・子方関係があり、両者の間には、義理と人情を伴った庇護(ひご)・奉仕の双務的関係がある。

［丸山孝一］

仮親

擬制的親子関係において、子からみた親を仮親とよぶことがある。仮親は、出生時における取上げ親、乳(ち)付け親、名付け親などと、成年時の烏帽子(えぼし)親、兵児(へこ)親、鉄漿(かね)親、筆(ふで)親などに二分される。前者は子供の健やかな心身の成長を願う呪術(じゅじゅつ)的意味をもち、神官や僧侶(そうりょ)に仮親になってもらうこともある。後者の場合はむしろ子の社会的進出に援助を期待して、有力者に仮親になってもらう。いずれの場合にも仮親の承諾を要するのはもちろんであるが、「親方どり」ということばに表れているように、子またはその実父によって仮親が選ばれる点が注目される。その背景には、仮親として依頼されることを名誉とする考え方がある一方で、子やその実父側では、仮親との間に一定の互酬的・双務的役割関係をもとうとする事情がある。仮親と実父との関係は、出生時の親子成りの場合、やや水平的な相互扶助関係がみられ、成年時の場合、より垂直的庇護・奉仕関係がみられるようである。仮親を契約親ということもあるが、無限定的な恩義感情や儀礼を伴うので、単なる契約ではない。そこに、親子という先天的血縁関係になぞらえなければならない理由があるといえる。

［丸山孝一］

『『親分子分』（『有賀喜左衞門著作集　第9巻』所収・1963・未来社）』▽『服部治則著『親分子分と本分家――山梨県における村落同族分析』（1978・御茶の水書房）』

[参照項目] | 親方・子方

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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