Kushiera

Japanese: くしえら
Kushiera


[Respiratory organs of invertebrates]
Invertebrates have differentiated respiratory organs such as gills, trachea, and lungs, but many animals (such as coelenterates, platyhelminthes, pouchworms, tentacles, and echinoderms) do not have special respiratory organs. In these animals, breathing occurs through the external and internal epidermis, especially in the thin epidermis of the tentacles. The gills of mollusks are basically comb gills, in which the side wall of the body protrudes into the mantle cavity, and thin gill plates (gill plates) are arranged in a comb-like pattern on the flat shaft through which the introitus and eruptive gill vessels pass, forming a respiratory epithelium. The gill plates have cilia that create a water current to exchange water for breathing, but in cephalopods, water is exchanged by the movement of the mantle muscles.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kushiera" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[無脊椎動物の呼吸器官]
 無脊椎動物で分化した呼吸器官にはえら,気管,肺があるが,特別の呼吸器官をもたないものも多く(腔腸動物,扁形動物,袋形動物,触手動物,棘皮(きよくひ)動物など),これらでは体外,体内の表皮を通して呼吸が行われ,とくに触手などの薄くなった表皮に集中する。軟体動物のえらは,基本的には体側壁が外套腔(がいとうこう)内に突出したくしえら(櫛鰓)で,入鰓(にゆうさい)血管と出鰓血管が通る扁平な軸部に薄いえら板(鰓板(さいばん))がくしの歯状に列生して呼吸上皮を形成している。えら板には繊毛があって,水流を起こして呼吸のための換水をするが,頭足類では外套筋の運動で換水する。…

※「くしえら」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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