A chemical substance widely distributed in living organisms, abbreviated as GTP. It is a high-energy phosphate compound, like ATP (adenosine triphosphate), with three phosphate molecules attached to the 5' hydroxyl group of guanosine ribose. It is very important as one of the direct precursors of RNA (ribonucleic acid) synthesis, and also serves as a phosphate donor for several enzymes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate kinase. It plays an important role as an essential factor in several steps of intracellular protein synthesis, and as a regulator of intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by hormones. GTP is also used in the synthesis of several sugar nucleotides, such as GDP-mannose, which are precursors in sugar synthesis. [Kenichi Kasai] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生体内に広く分布する化学物質で、GTPと略称される。グアノシンのリボースの5'ヒドロキシ基に3分子のリン酸が結合したもので、ATP(アデノシン三リン酸)などと同様に高エネルギーリン酸化合物である。RNA(リボ核酸)合成の直接の前駆体の一つとして非常に重要であり、またフォスフォエノールピルビン酸キナーゼなど、いくつかの酵素のリン酸供与体としても働く。細胞内のタンパク質合成においては、いくつかの段階で必須(ひっす)因子として、またホルモンで刺激される細胞内情報伝達経路の調節因子として重要な働きをしている。そのほか、GDP-マンノースなど、糖合成において前駆体となる糖ヌクレオチドのいくつかの合成にGTPが用いられる。 [笠井献一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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