symbebekos (English spelling)

Japanese: symbebēkos(英語表記)symbebekos
symbebekos (English spelling)

…The original meaning of chance is the even number or the even of a spouse, that is, when 1 and 1 combine to become 2, when two things meet (Kuki Shuzo, The Problem of Chance, 1935), and this is the most fundamental meaning of chance. The Greek word symbebēkos, the Latin accidents, the German word Zufall, and the English word contingency all have prefixes such as sym-, ac-, zu-, and con-, which mean the meeting of two things or the onset of something. However, it should be noted that such chance meetings, which can occur any number of times, are particularly recognized as chances when the meeting determines the subsequent development of at least one of the series. …

From [Western Philosophy]

...However, Aristotle's term ousia, which is usually translated as "substance," comes from the feminine participle form ousa of the verb einai, which means "to be" or "to exist," and is a word that broadly means "existence," as it is known from its everyday meaning of "real estate or assets that are actually in front of one's eyes" (Metaphysics, Book 7, Chapter 3). The reason this was translated into the Latin word substantia (that which stands below = substance) is because the first existence (ousia) of a thing was thought to be in its existence as hypokeimenon (that which lies below = substratum) (Metaphysics, ibid.). Therefore, the relationship between substance and attribute is considered by Aristotle to be the relationship between hypokeimenon and symbebēkos (that which is present together = incidental attribute). It should be noted that this "hypokeimenon" means the "substance" that is the bearer of all "shumbebekos," and at the same time it means the "subject" of the proposition about which everything is predicated but which itself is not the predicate of anything else.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "symbebēkos" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…もともと偶然の〈偶〉とは,偶数とか配偶の偶,つまり1と1が合して2となること,二つのものが〈出遇う〉こと(九鬼周造《偶然性の問題》1935)なのであるから,これこそが偶然のもっとも根源的な意味なのである。偶然をあらわすギリシア語のsymbebēkosやラテン語のaccidens,ドイツ語のZufall,英語のcontingencyにも,すべてsym‐,ac‐,zu‐,con‐といった2者の出遇い,何ものかの襲来を意味する前つづりが付されている。しかし,注意されねばならないのは,そうしたいくらでも起こりうる偶発的な出遇いが特に偶然として意識されるのは,その出遇いが,少なくとも一方の系列のその後の展開を左右する場合だということである。…

【西洋哲学】より

…もっとも,通常〈実体〉と訳されているアリストテレスの用語〈ウシアousia〉は,それが〈ある〉〈存在する〉という意味の動詞〈エイナイeinai〉の女性分詞形〈ウサousa〉に由来し,日常語としては〈現に眼前にある不動産・資産〉を意味するということからも知られるように,広く〈存在〉を意味する言葉であり(《形而上学》第7巻第3章),これがsubstantia(下に立つもの=実体)というラテン語に訳されたのは,事物の第一の存在(ウシア)が〈ヒュポケイメノンhypokeimenōn(下に横たわるもの=基体)〉としての存在にあると考えられたからである(《形而上学》同上)。したがって,〈実体‐属性〉の関係は,アリストテレスにあっては〈ヒュポケイメノン‐シュンベベコスsymbebēkos(共に居合わせているもの=付帯的属性)〉の関係として考えられている。 その際注意さるべきことは,この〈ヒュポケイメノン〉がすべての〈シュンベベコス〉の担い手である〈基体〉を意味すると同時に,すべてがそれについて述定されるがそれ自身は他の何ものの述語にもならない命題の〈主語〉をも意味していることである。…

※「symbebēkos」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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