Dicotyledonous polypetalous plants. Most are grasses, but occasionally there are vines or small trees. The leaves are trifoliate or palmately lobed. Some flowers lack tepals (such as in the Aconite genus) or nectar petals (such as in the Acanthus genus). However, most have a single row of tepals that become sepals or petals, and nectar petals that secrete nectar, and are radially symmetrical, although some, such as monkshoods, are bilaterally symmetrical. The tepals are generally called sepals and the nectar petals are called petals. The shape of the nectar petals varies depending on the genus, with some species being U-shaped in Aconite, petal-like in Coptis, and spur-forming in Aquilegia. They are broadly divided into two groups: those that bear achenes and those that bear capsules, but some, like the common laurel, bear juicy berries. Many of the organs that make up the flower are arranged in a spiral, and they are considered to be a relatively primitive group of plants among angiosperms. There are about 60 genera and 2,500 species worldwide, of which about 170 species are found in Japan. Many are poisonous plants containing alkaloids, but some are used medicinally. [Yuichi Kadota March 18, 2020] [References] | | | | |©Yuichi Kadota "> Flower of Yamamonkhitsu (morphology) ©Yuichi Kadota "> Coptis flower (morphology) ©Yuichi Kadota "> Flower of the Aquilegia japonica (morphology) ©Yuichi Kadota "> Adonis flower (morphology) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
双子葉植物離弁花類。多くは草であるが、まれにつるまたは小形の木もある。葉は3出複葉、あるいは掌状に切れ込む単葉。花は花被片(かひへん)を欠くもの(カラマツソウ属など)や蜜弁(みつべん)を欠くもの(フクジュソウ属など)もある。しかし多くは萼片(がくへん)または花弁となる一輪に並ぶ花被弁と、蜜を分泌する蜜弁をもち、放射相称であるが、トリカブト類のように左右相称のものもある。一般に花被片を萼片、蜜弁を花弁とよぶ。蜜弁の形は属によって異なり、トリカブト属のイの字形、オウレン属の花弁状のもの、オダマキ属の距(きょ)をつくるものなど、さまざまである。痩果(そうか)をつけるものと袋果(たいか)をつけるものの2群に大別されるが、ルイヨウショウマのように多汁質の液果をつけるものもある。花を構成する各器官が螺旋(らせん)状に配列するものが多く、被子植物のなかでも比較的原始的な植物群と考えられている。世界中に約60属2500種があり、そのうち日本には約170種が分布。アルカロイドを含む有毒植物が多いが、薬用とされるものもある。 [門田裕一 2020年3月18日] [参照項目] | | | | |©門田裕一"> ヤマトリカブトの花〔形態〕 ©門田裕一"> オウレンの花〔形態〕 ©門田裕一"> ミヤマオダマキの花〔形態〕 ©門田裕一"> フクジュソウの花〔形態〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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