The most stressful question method - Kinchosaikoutenshitsumonho

...Based on the assumption that there are differences in the physiological changes that occur when a person lies and when they answer truthfully in response to a question, and that the examiner can read these differences to determine the veracity of a statement, lie detectors are used as psychological forensic tools in criminal investigations and are sometimes called "lie detectors."
[The legal perspective of polygraphs]
There are two methods of polygraph testing: a comprehensive assessment, that is, a control test conducted to determine the truth of statements regarding the entire crime, and a peak-point test conducted to determine the truth of statements that deny the recognition of specific facts related to the suspected crime. The former, which was initially introduced from the United States, aims to determine "whether or not there is a sense of guilt," while the latter, which was later developed in Japan, aims to determine "whether or not there is recognition of specific facts."

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "highest stress questioning method" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…質問に対し，うそを答えたときの生理的変化と真実を答えたときのそれとに差異があり，それを検査者が読み取ることにより供述の真偽を判定できるという仮定のもとに，犯罪捜査において心理鑑識の道具として用いられており，〈うそ発見器〉と呼ばれることもある。
［法律からみたポリグラフ］
　ポリグラフ検査の方法には，総合的判定，すなわち犯行全体に関する供述の真偽を判定する目的で行う対照質問法と，被疑事件に関する具体的諸事実の認識を否定する供述の真偽を判定する目的で行う緊張最高点質問法とがある。当初アメリカから導入された前者は〈有罪意識の有無〉を，その後日本で発展した後者は〈特定事実の認識の有無〉を，判定しようとするものである。…

※「緊張最高点質問法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報