Pinicola enucleator; pine grosbeak

Japanese: ギンザンマシコ（英語表記）Pinicola enucleator; pine grosbeak

Passerine, family Fringillidae. Total length 20-25cm. Sexes are heterochromatic. The head, throat, belly and back of males are pale pink, while females are olive yellow. Other feather colors are yellowish in females, but the sexes are similar, with gray shoulders, sides and undertail. The wings are black with two rows of white bands, and the edges of the tips of each feather turn from pale brown to white. The beak is thick and short, gray-black. The tail feathers are black, with a notched tip. Breeding grounds are the cold and temperate zones, and alpine coniferous forests. In Eurasia, they range from the Scandinavian Peninsula to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and in North America, they range from the Alaska Peninsula south to the Rocky Mountains, and east to Nova Scotia in Canada and Maine in the United States. They are resident birds in most of their habitats, but in years of poor food harvests, they migrate to areas with good harvests. It is a summer bird (→migratory bird) in the northern part of Japan and in the high mountains, and migrates to the southern part of its habitat or to the plains for winter. In Japan, it breeds in the dwarf pine zone in the high mountains of Hokkaido, and migrates to the coniferous forests in the lowlands in winter. It feeds on seeds, berries (→berries), leaves, insects, etc., and is occasionally seen in urban areas on the plains in winter, and there are records of it straying to Honshu. It sings in a beautiful voice that sounds like "pyuru, pyuru, pyuru" (→twittering).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

スズメ目アトリ科。全長 20～25cm。雌雄異色。頭部と喉から腹，背が，雄は淡紅色，雌はオリーブ色がかった黄色。そのほかの羽色は雌が黄みを帯びているが，雌雄は似ていて，肩と脇，下尾筒が灰色。翼は黒く 2列の白帯があり，各羽毛の先端側の縁が淡褐色から白色になる。嘴は灰黒色で，太くて短い。尾羽は黒く，先がくの字に切れ込んでいる。繁殖地は寒帯や冷帯，高山の針葉樹林で，ユーラシア大陸ではスカンジナビア半島からオホーツク海沿岸に，北アメリカではアラスカ半島から南はロッキー山脈，東はカナダのノバスコシア州，アメリカ合衆国のメーン州に及ぶ。生息地の多くでは留鳥だが，食べ物が不作の年には豊作の地方へ移動する。北部や高山では夏鳥（→渡り鳥）で，越冬には生息地の南部や平地へ渡る。日本では北海道の高山のハイマツ帯で繁殖し，冬季には低地の針葉樹林に移動する。種子，漿果（→液果），葉，昆虫などを食べ，冬期にはまれに平地の市街地でも見られ，本州に迷行した記録がある。「ぴゅる，ぴゅる，ぴゅる」と聞こえる美しい声でさえずる（→さえずり）。

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