Symbol - English

Japanese: 記号 - きごう(英語表記)symbol 英語
Symbol - English

The philosophical European equivalent is derived from the Greek σμβολον/sýmbolon, which means "tally". In other words, when you can see a and know b, a is said to be a symbol for b. In this sense, hieroglyphs, numbers, pictures, etc. are typical symbols. However, sentences written in phonetic characters are also symbols insofar as they express one piece of information as a whole, and music can also play the role of a symbol. Eventually, things that have no meaning in themselves but are the material for sentences, such as phonetic characters, came to be called symbols. Many people consider things that only experts can understand, such as logical symbols and chemical symbols, to be representative of symbols. Not only things used for communication, but also phenomena that are meaningful to be shared, such as rituals, can be counted as symbols, and in modern times, "symbol" has become a very broad concept.

[Yoshida Natsuhiko]

[Reference] | Semiotics | Symbols

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哲学的にこれに対応するヨーロッパ語は、ギリシア語のσμβολον/sýmbolonに由来し、これには「割符」の意味があった。つまり、aを見てbを知ることができたときに、aがbの記号だといわれたわけである。この意味では、象形文字、数字、絵などが記号の代表的なものである。しかし、表音文字でつづられた文も全体として一つの情報を表している限りでは記号であるし、音楽も記号としての役割を演ずることがある。やがて、表音文字のように、それ自体では意味がなくとも文の素材になるものも、記号とよばれるようになった。論理記号や化学記号のように、専門家でないとその使い方がよくわからないものを記号の代表のように考える人も多い。コミュニケーションに使われるものだけではなく、儀式のように、共有されることに意義のある事象を記号に数えることもあり、現代では「記号」は、きわめて広義な概念になった。

[吉田夏彦]

[参照項目] | 記号論 | シンボル

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