Kiyosu Castle

Japanese: 清洲城 - きよすじょう

Hirajiro Castle was located in Kiyosu City, Aichi Prefecture (formerly Kiyosu Town, Nishikasugai County). In 1405 (Oei 12), Shiba Yoshishige, the kanrei ( deputy ) of the Muromachi Shogunate, who also served as the guardian of Owari, Totomi, and Echizen, built it as a separate castle for Shimotsu Castle ( Inazawa City), which was the guardian's office. Later, when Shimotsu Castle was burned down due to an internal conflict among the Oda clan, the shugodai (deputy guardian), the shugodai (deputy guardian's office) was established there, and it became the center of Owari Province. Eventually, Kiyosu Castle became the residence of the Kiyosu Oda clan, the shugodai (deputy guardian), who controlled the four lower counties of Owari. For a time, Oda Nobuhide (father of Oda Nobunaga), a member of the Oda Danjo Tada family (a branch of the Kiyosu Oda clan, one of the three magistrates of the Kiyosu Oda clan), lived in the castle as the Kiyosu magistrate, but when Nobuhide moved to Furuwatari Castle (Naka Ward, Nagoya City), the shugodai (deputy guardian), Oda Nobutomo, moved into the castle. However, in 1555 (Koji 1), Nobutomo was killed in Kiyosu Castle by Oda Nobunaga, who then carried out extensive renovations and moved his base from Nagoya Castle (Nagoya City, Naka Ward) to Kiyosu Castle. In 1560 (Eiroku 3), Nobunaga marched out of this castle during the Battle of Okehazama. It was also from this castle that Nobunaga formed an alliance with Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1562 (Eiroku 5), known as the Kiyosu Alliance. The following year, in 1563 (Eiroku 6), Nobunaga moved his residence to Komakiyama Castle in preparation for a battle with the Saito clan of Mino. From then on, Kiyosu Castle became the watchtower castle of the Oda clan. After Nobunaga and his eldest son Nobutada died in the Honnoji Incident in 1582 (Tensho 10), it was also here that a meeting (Kiyosu Conference) of the Oda clan's senior vassals was held to discuss the succession. Kiyosu Castle was later inherited by Nobunaga's second son, Oda Nobukatsu, who rebuilt the main and small castle towers and double moats in 1586 (Tensho 14). After that, Nobukatsu was stripped of his title for rebelling against Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Battle of Odawara, and Toyotomi Hidetsugu took possession of the castle. In 1595 (Bunroku 4), Fukushima Masanori took over as lord of the castle. In the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 (Keicho 5), Fukushima Masanori sided with the Eastern Army (Tokugawa), and the castle became the frontline base for the Eastern Army. After the battle, Ieyasu's fourth son, Matsudaira Tadayoshi, took over the castle in place of Fukushima Masanori, who was transferred to Aki. Shortly after Tadayoshi's death, Ieyasu's ninth son, Tokugawa Yoshinao, took over the castle and established the Owari Kiyosu Domain office there. In 1609 (Keicho 14), Yoshinao, on Ieyasu's orders, built a new castle in Nagoya and relocated the castle town. Materials from the dismantled Kiyosu Castle were used to build Nagoya Castle (located in the Naka and Kita Wards of Nagoya City). The northwest corner tower of the Ohfukaimaru in Nagoya Castle is called the "Kiyosu Tower" because it was built using materials from the castle tower. In 1613 (Keicho 18), when Nagoya Castle was completed and the castle town was relocated, Kiyosu Castle was abandoned. Currently, most of the castle ruins have been lost due to urban development, and only a part of the earthworks of the main castle remain. Part of the former castle area has become the Kiyosu Old Castle Ruins Park, where there is a replica castle tower, and part of the stone wall excavated during the bank construction of the Gojo River that flows next to the castle ruins has been restored in the park. It is about a 15-minute walk from JR Tokaido Main Line Kiyosu Station, or about a 15-minute walk from Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line Shin-Kiyosu Station. ◇It is also written as Kiyosu Castle.

Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles Information

Japanese:

愛知県清須市（旧西春日井郡清洲町）にあった平城(ひらじろ)。1405年（応永12）、尾張・遠江(とおとうみ)・越前守護を兼ねていた室町幕府の管領、斯波義重(しばよししげ)によって、守護所となっていた下津(おりづ)城（稲沢市）の別郭として築かれた。その後、守護代の織田氏の内紛により下津城が焼失すると、守護所が置かれ、尾張国の中心となった。やがて、清洲城は尾張下四郡を支配する守護代の清洲織田氏の居城となる。一時期、織田弾正忠家（清洲織田氏の傍流、清洲織田氏の三奉行のひとつ）の織田信秀（織田信長の父）が清洲奉行として居城したが、信秀が古渡城（名古屋市中区）に移ると、守護代の織田信友が入城した。しかし、1555年（弘治1）、信友は織田信長によって清洲城中で殺害され、信長は大改修を加えた後、那古野城（名古屋市中区）から清洲城に本拠を移した。1560年（永禄3）の桶狭間の戦いでは、信長はこの城から出陣している。また、1562年（永禄5）に信長が徳川家康と同盟を結んだのもこの城で、清洲同盟と呼ばれる。信長は翌1563年（永禄6）、美濃の斎藤氏との戦いに備えて、居城を小牧山城に移した。以後、清洲城は織田氏の番城となった。1582年（天正10）の本能寺の変で信長と嫡男信忠が死去すると、その後の相続をめぐって織田氏重臣による会議（清洲会議）が開かれたのもこの城である。その後、清洲城は信長次男の織田信雄が相続し、1586年（天正14）には大天守・小天守や二重堀の普請が行われた。その後、信雄は小田原合戦に際して豊臣秀吉に反抗したことから除封され、豊臣秀次が領したのち、1595年（文禄4）には福島正則が城主として入城した。1600年（慶長5）の関ヶ原の戦いでは、福島正則が東軍（徳川方）に与したことから、東軍の前線拠点となり、この戦いの後、安芸に転封した福島正則に代わって家康の四男松平忠吉が入城、間もなく忠吉が死去すると、家康九男の徳川義直が入城し、尾張清洲藩の藩庁が置かれた。1609年（慶長14）、義直は家康の命により名古屋での新城の築城と城下町の移転を行った。その名古屋城（名古屋市中区～北区）の築城に清洲城を解体した資材が用いられた。名古屋城の御深井丸西北隅櫓が「清洲櫓」と呼ばれるのは、清洲城天守の材料を転用して建設されたことによる。1613年（慶長18）、名古屋城が完成し、城下町の移転も終わったことから、清洲城は廃城となった。現在、城跡は都市開発によりほぼ失われ、本丸土塁の一部が残るだけになっている。かつての城域の一部は、清洲古城跡公園になっており、模擬天守があるほか、城跡の横を流れる五条川の護岸工事の際に発掘された石垣の一部が、同公園内に復元されている。JR東海道本線清洲駅から徒歩約15分、または名鉄名古屋本線新清洲駅から徒歩約15分。◇清須城とも記述される。

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