Professional negligence resulting in death or injury

Japanese: 業務上過失致死傷罪 - ぎょうむじょうかしつちししょうざい

The crime of failing to exercise the necessary care in the course of one's work, thereby causing death or injury (Criminal Code, 211). The punishment is much heavier than the usual crime of negligence resulting in death or injury, and is punishable by imprisonment for up to five years or a fine of up to 500,000 yen. The concept of work is interpreted very broadly by precedents and academic theories, and does not have to be an occupation or business act, but broadly includes dangerous acts that people perform repeatedly and continuously in order to maintain their social lives. For example, driving a car even for recreational purposes is considered work. Moreover, even if it is an act performed only once, it is considered work if there is an intention to continue to engage in it. Case law has stated that the reason why professional negligence is punished so severely is because workers are required to exercise a higher degree of care than ordinary people.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

業務上必要な注意を怠り，よって人を死傷に致す罪 (刑法 211) 。通常の過失致死傷罪と比べて刑がかなり重く，5年以下の懲役もしくは禁錮，または 50万円以下の罰金に処せられる。業務の概念は判例・学説によりきわめて広く解されており，職業や営業上の行為であることを要せず，人が社会生活を維持するうえで，反復・継続して行う危険な行為を広く含む。たとえば，娯楽のためであっても自動車を運転することは業務にあたる。しかも，ただ1回の行為でも継続して従事する意思があればこれにあたる。業務上の過失が重く処罰される理由について判例は，業務者には通常人と異なった高度の注意義務が課されているからであるとする。

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