Educational equipment - Educational equipment

Japanese: 教育機器 - きょういくきき
Educational equipment - Educational equipment

In the narrow sense, educational equipment refers to audiovisual tools and tools with built-in electronic mechanisms, but it is a general term used when each of them is used with consideration for the systematization of education intended by educational technology. Therefore, while each tool has its own independent function and role as a single unit, it can be said to be used as a part of a system in the teaching/learning process, and is used with the aim of making lessons more efficient, fulfilling its overall function and role. Meanwhile, educational equipment in the broad sense is a general term that includes the narrow sense and some office equipment.

[Shinohara Fuyoji]

Classification and types

There are a wide variety of educational equipment, and by classifying them, the structure and function of educational systems and activities become clear, providing a perspective for planning their use.

There are many ways to classify educational equipment, such as by the functions and characteristics of each device, or by the way they are used, and there is no set view on the classification. The most common classification is as follows:

(1) Information presentation equipment These have come to be known as audiovisual teaching aids, and include photographs, posters, slide projectors, actual projectors, OHPs (overhead projectors), 16mm projectors, radios, televisions, VTRs, as well as computer terminals and large projectors designed to be used with presentation software.

(2) Reaction measurement and training equipment Laboratory equipment (LL = Language Laboratory, ML = Music Laboratory), teaching machines, simulators (simulated training equipment), etc.

(3) Automatic control equipment for presentation, response, and diagnostic evaluation, such as CAI systems, online learning systems known as Web learning systems and e-learning systems.

(4) Office equipment: Copying machines, fax machines, personal computers, dedicated computer communication lines, CMI systems, etc.

[Shinohara Fuyoji]

"What is Equipment Education?" edited by Friends of 21st Century Education (1977, Shogakukan)""Complete Collection of Modern School Education 14: Textbooks and Teaching Materials, by Okuda Masatake (1980, Gyosei)""Utilizing Audiovisual Educational Media -- Compliant with the Ministry of Education's 'Standards for Audiovisual Educational Media Training Curriculum'" edited and published by the Japan Audiovisual Teaching Materials Center (1992)""Media that Stimulates the Audiovisual, revised edition (1999, Toyokan Publishing) by Hoshino Akihiko et al.""Audiovisual Equipment Guidebook, various years' editions, edited and published by the Japan Audiovisual Teaching Materials Association"

[Reference] | Overhead projector | Educational technology | Teaching materials | CAI | CMI | Teaching machine | Language laboratory

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

教育機器とは、狭義には、視聴覚教具と、電子工学的機構を内蔵した教具とを意味するが、とくに、それぞれを教育工学の意図する教育のシステム化を考慮して活用するときの総称である。したがって、それぞれの教具が単体としての独立した機能と役割をもちながらも、教授・学習過程にシステムの一部として組み入れられ、その総体としての機能と役割も発揮するような、授業の効率化をねらって活用される教具であるということができる。一方、広義の教育機器は、狭義のそれに事務機器の一部を加えた総称である。

[篠原文陽児]

分類と種類

教育機器には多種多様のものがあり、これらを分類することにより、教育システムや教育活動の構造と機能が明確になり、計画的に活用する視点が得られる。

 教育機器の分類には、それぞれの機器のもつ機能・特性による分類、利用形態による分類など多々あり、定まった見解は存在しない。もっとも一般的なものは、次のような分類である。

(1)情報提示機器 視聴覚教具とよばれてきたもので、写真、ポスター、スライド投映機、実物投映機、OHP(オーバーヘッド・プロジェクター)、16ミリ映写機、ラジオ、テレビジョン、VTRなどのほか、プレゼンテーション用ソフトの利用を前提としたコンピュータ端末と大型プロジェクターなども含まれる。

(2)反応測定・訓練機器 ラボ装置(LL=ランゲージ・ラボラトリーLanguage Laboratory、ML=ミュージック・ラボラトリーMusic Laboratory)、ティーチング・マシン、シミュレータ(模擬訓練機器)など。

(3)提示・反応・診断評価のための自動制御機器 CAIシステム、Webラーニング・システムやeラーニング・システムとよばれるオンライン学習システムなど。

(4)事務機器 複写機、FAX、パーソナルコンピュータ、コンピュータ通信専用回線、CMIシステムなど。

[篠原文陽児]

『21世紀教育の友編『機器教育とは何か』(1977・小学館)』『奥田真丈著『現代学校教育全集14 教科書・教材教具』(1980・ぎょうせい)』『日本視聴覚教材センター編・刊『視聴覚教育メディアの活用――文部省「視聴覚教育メディア研修カリキュラムの標準」準拠』(1992)』『星野昭彦他著『視聴覚を刺激するメディア』新訂版(1999・東洋館出版社)』『日本視聴覚教具連合会編・刊『視聴覚機器ガイドブック』各年版』

[参照項目] | オーバーヘッド・プロジェクター | 教育工学 | 教材教具 | CAI | CMI | ティーチング・マシン | ランゲージ・ラボラトリー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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