Self-governance

Japanese: 自治 - じち
Self-governance

Generally, it means that a person or group handles its own affairs by itself. Typically, there is local autonomy, which excludes the involvement of national administrative agencies and involves local governments independently handling local administrative affairs based on the will of their residents. Local autonomy was guaranteed as a system under the Constitution of Japan after the Second World War (Chapter 8 of the Constitution), and is generally understood to be the basis of democratic politics, with resident autonomy and group autonomy as its content. Specific systems of resident autonomy include direct election of the head of a local government by residents (head system), direct election of assembly members, direct petition system (Chapter 5 of the Local Autonomy Act), and resident audit petition system (Article 242 and following of the same Act). On the other hand, in order to protect the human rights of residents in relation to the national government, the current situation is that the group autonomy of local governments, which is equal and independent, is not necessarily fully guaranteed.

[Toshiro Fuka]

[Reference] | Local Government

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般に人や団体が自らのことを自らの手で処理することをいう。典型的には、地方自治があり、国の行政機関の関与を排除し、地方公共団体が地方的行政事務についてその住民の意思に基づき自主的に処理することをその内容とする。地方自治は、第二次世界大戦後、日本国憲法の下で制度的に保障されたものであり(憲法8章)、通例、住民自治と団体自治をその内容とし、民主政治の基礎として理解されている。住民自治の具体的制度としては、地方公共団体の長の住民による直接選挙制(首長制)、議会の議員の直接選挙制、および直接請求制度(地方自治法5章)、住民監査請求制度(同法242条以下)などがある。その反面、国との関係で、住民の人権保障のため、対等・独立を内容とする地方公共団体の団体自治は、かならずしも十分保障されていないのが現状である。

[福家俊朗]

[参照項目] | 地方自治

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