Speech sounds can be made stronger or weaker by the action of the speech organs, and the peak of stress in a sound sequence is called stress. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, [ˈ] indicates strong stress and [ˌ] indicates moderate stress. [ˌkɑmbiˈnei∫ən] combination, etc. However, physical strength and linguistic (phonetic) strength do not simply correspond, and the physical characteristics of the latter have not yet been fully elucidated. It is thought that factors such as tone, length, and articulation also play a role. In English, there are phonetic accents with different stress positions on the same phoneme sequence, such as [ˈinkri:s] (increase) and [inˈkri:s] (increase), and there is a phonological opposition of "stress accent". In Czech, Polish, French, etc., there is always stress on certain syllables in each word (combination), so there is no phonological opposition. Although Japanese has the phenomenon of stress, it does not have stress accent. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
言語音は音声器官の働きにより強くなったり弱くなったりするが,音声連続における強さの山を強勢 (強め,ストレス) と呼ぶ。国際音声記号では,[ˈ]で強い強め,[ˌ]で中の強めを表わす。[ˌkɑmbiˈnei∫ən] combination (組合せ) など。ただし,物理的強度と言語学的 (音声学的) 強さとは単純には一致せず,後者の物理的特性はまだ十分明らかになっていない。音調,長さ,調音の諸要因も加わっていると考えられる。英語では[ˈinkri:s] (増加) と[inˈkri:s] (ふやす) のように,同じ音素連続のうえに強勢の位置を異にするアクセントがかぶさっており,「強さアクセント」の音韻的対立がある。チェコ語,ポーランド語,フランス語などでは,それぞれ単語 (結合) の一定の音節に常に強めがあるから,音韻的対立をなさない。日本語には強さの現象はあっても,強さアクセントはない。
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