Guiyang

A prefecture-level city in the central part of Guizhou Province in southwest China, and the capital of the province. It is located in a basin on a plateau where the Nanming River, a tributary of the Wujiang River, runs through. Its abbreviation is Zhu. It has a population of 3,740,700 (2014). It has jurisdiction over six city districts and three counties, and acts as the administrative agent for one county-level city (as of 2016). It has long been a key political and military location in the area of ​​Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, and in 1930 Guiyang County was renamed Guiyang City, and the provincial government was established there.

Before the liberation, there were few factories and it was merely a commercial center in the region, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the industrial development has been remarkable, and there are factories for steel complexes, mining, transportation, and electrical machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electricity, chemicals, cement, textiles, tobacco, and other industries. Coal, phosphate ore, bauxite, and other products are produced in the surrounding area. In addition, railways to Chengdu, Kunming, Liuzhou, Changsha, and other cities intersect here, and there are automobile roads that radiate to the surrounding provinces and air routes connecting with major cities, making it a transportation hub in southwest China. It is also a cultural center with various research institutes, including Guiyang University and the Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. There are many scenic spots and resorts, such as Huaxi, known as the "flower of the Guizhou Plateau," in the southwest of the city, Jiaxiulou in the southeast, and Qiangling Park in the northwest.

[Kikuo Ono, Editorial Department, December 12, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国南西部、貴州(きしゅう)省中央部にある地級市で、同省の省都。烏江(うこう)支流の南明河が貫流する高原上の盆地に位置する。略称は筑。人口374万0700（2014）。6市轄区、3県を管轄し、1県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。古くから雲南(うんなん)省、貴州省方面の政治と軍事の要地で、1930年貴陽県から貴陽市となり、省政府が置かれた。

　解放前は工場も少なく、地方の商業中心地にすぎなかったが、新中国成立後は工業の発展が目覚ましく、鉄鋼コンビナート、鉱山・交通・電気関係の機械製造、冶金、電力、化学、セメント、繊維、たばこなどの工場がみられる。周辺では石炭、燐(りん)鉱石、ボーキサイトなどが産出される。さらに、成都(せいと)、昆明(こんめい)、柳州(りゅうしゅう)、長沙(ちょうさ)などとの鉄道がこの地で交会するほか、周辺各省へ放射状に延びる自動車道路、主要都市と結ぶ航空路があり、中国南西部の交通の要地となっている。また、貴陽大学や中国科学院地球化学研究所をはじめとする各種研究所を有する文化の中心地でもある。市の南西部には、「貴州高原上の花」といわれる花渓(かけい)、南東部には甲秀楼(こうしゅうろう)、北西部には黔霊(きんれい)公園など景勝地や保養地も多い。

［小野菊雄・編集部　2016年12月12日］

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