Born January 11, 1924 in Dijon, France, he is an American physiologist. After studying at universities in Dijon and Lyon, France, and Montreal, Canada, he taught at Baylor College of Medicine in the United States from 1953 to 1970. During this time, he served as vice-chairman of the Experimental Endocrinology Department at the Collège de France from 1960 to 1963. He obtained American citizenship in 1963. In 1970, he became a professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, and in 1971, he also served as a professor at the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego. At Baylor College of Medicine, he attempted to prove the hypothesis of British anatomist GW Harris, demonstrating that hormones secreted from the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland and are involved in regulating hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. He then worked on the isolation and synthesis of hypothalamic hormones, and in 1969, together with Andrew V. Schally, succeeded in isolating and identifying thyrotropin-releasing factor, which regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin). In 1973, he succeeded in discovering somatostatin, which was expected to be a treatment for diabetes and digestive ulcers. In 1977, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Rosaline S. Yarrow and Schally. Gilman |
[生]1924.1.11. ディジョン フランス生まれのアメリカ合衆国の生理学者。フランスのディジョンとリヨン,カナダのモントリオールの大学で学んだのち,1953~70年アメリカのベイラー医科大学で教鞭をとった。この間の 1960~63年コレージュ・ド・フランスの実験内分泌学部門副部長を務めた。1963年にアメリカ市民権を取得。1970年カリフォルニア州ラホヤのソーク生物学研究所教授に就任,1971年からはカリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校医学部教授を兼任した。ベイラー医科大学ではイギリスの解剖学者 G.W.ハリスの仮説の立証を試み,視床下部から分泌されるホルモンが脳下垂体(下垂体)への連絡機能をもち,脳下垂体からのホルモン分泌の調節に関与していることを実証した。その後,視床下部ホルモンの分離・合成の研究に取り組み,1969年アンドルー・V.シャリーとともに,甲状腺刺激ホルモン(サイロトロピン)の放出を調節するサイロトロピン放出因子の分離・同定に成功。1973年にソマトスタチンの発見に成功し,糖尿病および消化器の潰瘍の治療薬として期待された。1977年ロザリン・S.ヤロー,シャリーとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。 ギルマン
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