Jingying (English spelling)

Japanese: 京営 - けいえい（英語表記）jing-ying; ching-ying

The central defense army of the Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Yongle, the three major camps of the Five Army Camps, the Three Thousand Camps, and the Shenji Camp were made the Jingying, and their soldiers were selected from the Jingwei and local guards. However, in the Tumu Incident (1449), the Jingying was defeated by the Mongols and was on the verge of destruction. During the reign of Emperor Jing, Minister of War Yu Qian organized the camp into 10 regiments with 150,000 elite soldiers (51), and then during the reign of Emperor Xianzong (Chenghua Emperor), it was reorganized into 12 regiments, but it was unable to prevent its weakening. In the 29th year of the Jiajing era (1550), three new major camps of the Five Army Camps, the Shenji Camp, and the Shenji Camp were established, and the Rong government was placed in charge. The head of the Jingying was traditionally a noble vassal of a duke, marquis, or boar, but from the mid-period onwards, the position was taken over by eunuchs, and the system became lax.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明代の中央守備軍。永楽帝のとき五軍営，三千営，神機営の三大営を京営とし，その兵士は京衛および地方衛所から選抜された。しかし土木の変 (1449) でモンゴルのため大敗して京営が壊滅に瀕し，景帝のとき兵部尚書于謙により 15万の精鋭で 10団営に編成 (51) ，次いで憲宗 (成化帝) のとき 12団営に再編成されたが，その弱化は防ぎえず，嘉靖 29 (1550) 年にまた五軍，神枢，神機の新三大営を設け，統帥の戎政府をおいた。京営の長官には公侯伯の勲臣をもってするならわしであったが，中期以後宦官がこれを握り，制度は弛緩した。

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