In contrast to speculative pedagogy, which determines the purpose and methods of education through philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, etc. and constructs a theoretical system of education, this approach grasps education as a social fact and studies it empirically using scientific methods. The first person to adopt a scientific educational stance was the French sociologist E. Durkheim. In Germany, the seeds of this position can be seen in W. Dilthey, but it was P. Petersen, E. Krieg, and others who specifically pursued research into it. In America, empirical surveys and research into education have been conducted since the second half of the 19th century, and in Japan, research from this position was attempted in the early Showa period, but it did not really take off until after World War II. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
哲学,倫理学,美学などによって教育の目的,方法などを決定し,教育の理論体系を構成する思弁的教育学に対し,教育を社会的事実として把握し,それを科学的方法を用いて実証的に研究するもの。教育科学的立場をとった最初の人はフランスの社会学者 É.デュルケムである。ドイツでは萌芽的には W.ディルタイにこの立場がみられるが,具体的に研究を進めたのは P.ペーターゼン,E.クリークなどである。アメリカでは 19世紀後半以後教育の実証的調査,研究がなされ,日本では昭和初期にこの立場からの研究が試みられたが実際に開花したのは第2次世界大戦後のことである。
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