Cattle and horse farming

...Farmers also came up with and put into practice a system of forming Dainichiko or Mannko groups to raise money and gradually purchase oxen for members. In addition, when areas with different farming seasons, such as mountainous regions and flatlands, were adjacent to each other, the practice of renting and leasing oxen for farming was seen in many places before the spread of agricultural machinery. On the surface, beef was not eaten as it was taboo, but cowhide was used widely as it was important for weapons and other things, and when the Portuguese arrived in the Middle Ages, the practice of slaughtering cows for food became widespread. ...

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "horse and cattle farming" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…また，農民は大日講，万人講などを結んで金銭を集め，それによって講員の耕牛を順次購入していく方式なども考えて実行していた。また，山地と平たん地のように農耕期にずれのある地帯が隣接した場合に，耕作用の牛馬を貸借して小作料に相当する代価を支払う牛馬小作も，農機具の普及前には各地に見られた。　牛肉は表面的には禁忌として食べなかったが，牛の皮革は武具その他に重要で多く利用され，中世ポルトガル人の渡来時には屠殺して食用に供する風も広まった。…

※「牛馬小作」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報