Reverse transcription

Japanese: 逆転写 - ぎゃくてんしゃ
Reverse transcription

… In the case of RNA viruses, which have RNA as their genetic material, mRNA is synthesized using RNA as a template, a process also called transcription. In retroviruses, a reaction is known in which DNA is synthesized using RNA as a template, a reaction called reverse transcription, catalyzed by RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (also called reverse transcriptase).
[Translation of genetic information]
The genetic information transcribed as the base sequence of mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids on the ribosome; this process is called translation.

From [DNA]

... n 1 ・dATP + n 2 ・dGTP + n 2 ・dCTP + n 1 ・dTTP ---> DNA + (2 n 1 +2 n 2 )P-PFor details on the mechanism of replication, please refer to the entry on DNA replication. In addition to the aforementioned transcription and replication, DNA also plays a role in mutation, recombination, repair, reverse transcription, restriction, and modification. Most mutations are point mutations in which one base is replaced by another, but there are also other mutations such as deletions, additions, substitutions, duplications, and inversions. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "reverse transcription" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 遺伝子本体としてRNAをもつRNAウイルスの場合,mRNAはRNAを鋳型に合成されるが,この過程も転写と呼ばれる。レトロウイルス類ではRNAを鋳型にDNAを合成する反応が知られており,逆転写reverse transcriptionと呼ばれ,RNA依存性DNAポリメラーゼ(逆転写酵素とも呼ばれる)がこの反応を触媒する。
[遺伝情報の翻訳]
 mRNAの塩基配列として転写された遺伝情報は,リボソーム上でアミノ酸の配列にうつしかえられるが,この過程を翻訳translationという。…

【DNA】より

… n1・dATP+n2・dGTP+n2・dCTP+n1・dTTP  ―→DNA+(2n1+2n2)P‐Pなお,複製の詳しい機構については〈DNA複製〉の項目を参照されたい。 前述の転写と複製のほかに,DNAの関与する機能として,突然変異,組換え,修復,逆転写,制限と修飾がある。突然変異の多くは,一つの塩基が他の塩基に置き変わった点突然変異だが,ほかに欠失・付加・置換・重複・逆位などの変異もある。…

※「逆転写」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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