A mechanical element used to secure mechanical parts that rotate with an axle, such as gears and belt pulleys, to a rotating axle. It is inserted into a rectangular groove that spans both the axle and the boss (the thick central part of the wheel, with a hole through which the axle passes). It is a rectangular rod made of hard steel that is harder than the axle. Keys are primarily subjected to shear stress when twisted. (1) Blank keys: The underside of the key is cut into an arc to match the roundness of the shaft and then hammered in. They are used to attach gears and other items to the shaft, but since the torque (rotational force) is transmitted only by the friction of the hammering without machining the shaft, they are not used to transmit large forces. (2) Flat keys: These are keys that have a slightly flattened surface on the shaft that makes contact with the shaft, and are used to transmit greater force than blank keys. (3) Parallel keys These are keys that are parallel on all sides, and are the most commonly used type. They are fitted into keyways provided on both the shaft and the boss, and some have a screw hole for easy removal, while others do not. There are three types, sliding, normal, and tightened, depending on the dimensional tolerance of the keyway. Sliding types are used to allow the boss to move on the shaft, and were previously called sliding or feather keys. The normal type is a type in which the key is fitted into the keyway of the shaft in advance (loose fit), and the boss is fitted into this, and was previously called the normal type. The tightened type is a type in which the key is fitted tightly onto the shaft (intermediate fit), and the boss is fitted into this, and was previously called the precision type. (4) Tangent keys: These are two keys with opposite slopes that are pressed together. They are useful when transmitting large forces. (5) Half-moon keys are keys that are half-moon shaped. They are useful when the shaft is tapered. However, because the shaft is deeply grooved, the strength of the shaft is reduced and it becomes weak. They are used in places where little force is applied. (6) Beveled keys: These are keys with a beveled top surface, and a boss is fitted onto the shaft, and the key is then hammered in to fix it in place. These come in two types: with a head (protrusion) to make them easier to remove, and without a head. [Hidetaro Nakayama and Shinji Shimizu] [Reference item] |©Shogakukan "> Main types of keys Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
歯車やベルト車などのように軸とともに回転する機械部品を回転軸に固定させるための機械要素の一つ。軸とボスboss(車輪の中央の肉厚となっている部分。軸の通る穴があいている)の両方にまたがった長方形断面の溝に挿入して用いられる。長方形の棒状で、材料は軸よりも硬い硬鋼でつくられる。キーはねじりにより主として剪断(せんだん)応力を受ける。 (1)くらキー 軸の丸みにあわせてキーの下面を円弧状に削って打ち込むようにしたもの。軸に歯車などを取り付けるのに用いられるが、軸に加工をしないで打ち込みの摩擦力だけでトルク(回転力)を伝えるので大きな力を伝えるところには用いられない。 (2)平キー 軸の表面をすこし平らに削った面と接触させるようにしたキーで、くらキーよりも大きな力を伝えるのに用いられる。 (3)平行キー 上下左右ともに平行につくられたキーで、もっともよく使用されている。軸とボスの両方にキー溝を設けてはめ込むもので、キーを抜き取るときに便利なようにねじ用穴を設けたものと設けていないものがある。キー溝の寸法許容差によって滑動形、普通形、締込み形の3種類がある。滑動形とは、ボスが軸上を動けるようにするときに用い、以前は、滑りキー、あるいはフェザーキーとよばれていた。普通形は、あらかじめキーを軸のキー溝にはめておき(すきまばめ)、これにボスをはめ込む方式で、以前は並み級とよばれた。締込み形は、キーを軸に固くはめておき(中間ばめ)、これにボスをはめ込むもので、以前は精級とよばれた。 (4)接線キー 反対勾配(こうばい)のキーを2個あわせて打ち込むもの。大きな力を伝達する場合に都合がよい。 (5)半月キー 形が半月形をしているキー。軸にテーパーがついている場合などに便利である。しかし軸に深く溝をつけるので軸の強度が落ち、弱くなる。あまり力の加わらないところに用いられる。 (6)勾配キー キーの上面に勾配をつけたキーで、軸にボスをはめておいて、後からキーを打ち込んで固定する。これには、取り外しを容易にするための頭(突起)付のものと、頭のないものがある。 [中山秀太郎・清水伸二] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> キーのおもな種類 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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