A high pressure system with a lower temperature than the surroundings at the same altitude (usually sea level, i.e. the surface of the earth). In a cold high pressure system, it is colder than the surroundings up to a considerable height, and it often becomes warmer than the surroundings only in the stratosphere. The air pressure at a certain surface in the sky is equal to the air pressure at the surface minus the weight of the air from the surface to that surface. And since the cold part of the atmosphere is heavier than the warm part when the pressure is constant, the decrease in air pressure as you move upward is greater in the cold part than in the warm part. Therefore, in a cold high pressure system, the air pressure decreases significantly the higher you go, and the difference in air pressure with the surroundings becomes smaller, and usually above 3 kilometers, it becomes a low pressure system or a low pressure trough. In this sense, a cold high pressure system is a "low-profile high pressure system." The Siberian high and the migratory high pressure systems, especially the eastern halves, are cold high pressure systems. [Atsushi Kurashima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある同じ高度面(通常は海面高度面すなわち地表)で、周囲より気温の低い高気圧。寒冷高気圧の域内では、かなりの高さまで周囲に比べて寒冷であり、成層圏で初めて周囲より温暖になる場合が多い。上空のある面の気圧は、地表から、その面までの大気の重量分を地表の気圧から差し引いた値に等しい。そして大気の寒冷部分は、等圧の場合、温暖部分より重いので、上空に向かっての気圧の減り方は、寒冷部分のほうが温暖部分より大きい。したがって、寒冷高気圧の域内では、上空へいくほど気圧は著しく減少し、周囲との気圧の差が小さくなり、通常、3キロメートルより上では、低気圧または気圧の谷になってしまう。この意味で、寒冷高気圧は「背の低い高気圧」である。シベリア高気圧や移動性高気圧のとくに東半分は寒冷高気圧である。 [倉嶋 厚] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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