Kanrin-in

It was an academic institution in the imperial court of old China, and its name means "an office of the brush (Han) and forest (Hayashi)." It was established in the imperial court during the Kaiyuan era (713-741) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and began as a place for literati to serve. After the Anshi Rebellion, it gained a stronger political voice as it was involved in writing imperial edicts, and its director, Xueshi Chengshi, was called the Minister of the Interior. It became a center of power in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and records such as Li Zhao's "Hanlinzhi" were created. The academy also had an attached arts academy, which housed talented people who excelled in a variety of arts, from calligraphy, painting, and music to Go, and it came to have the appearance of an imperial culture center. From the Song and Yuan dynasties onwards, the academy was involved in the writing of daily imperial edicts, but it moved away from political secrecy and took on the role of a cultural honorary institution. Up until the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was responsible for many projects such as compiling national history and the writings of the emperor, and made an effort to collect books and cultural artifacts. In particular, the Song Painting Academy (Hanlin Painting Academy) gathered masters and produced a representative style of painting of the era, and was called the Academy of Paintings. In modern times, this word is used as a translation of the European "Academy."

[Atsushi Ikeda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

旧中国の宮廷学芸機関で、「ふで（翰）のはやし（林）の官庁」の意。唐の玄宗の開元(かいげん)年間（713～741）に宮中に創置され、文人を出仕させたのに始まる。安史(あんし)の乱後、天子の詔勅の執筆に携わったところから政治的発言権が強まり、長官の学士承旨は内相とよばれ、中・晩唐にかけて権力の一中心となり、李肇(りちょう)の『翰林志』以下の記録もつくられた。また院には書、画、音楽から囲碁などに及ぶ諸芸に秀でた人材を抱える伎術(ぎじゅつ)院を付設し、ここは宮廷文化センターの観を呈した。宋(そう)・元以降になると、日常の詔書作成にあたったが、政治の機密からは離れ、文化的栄誉機関の性格が強まり、明(みん)・清(しん)に至るまで国史の編纂(へんさん)や帝王の著作編纂事業を多く担当し、図書や文物の集蔵に努めた。とくに宋の画院（翰林図画院）は名手を集め、時代の代表的画風を生み出し、院体とよばれた。近代ではこの語をヨーロッパの「アカデミー」の訳語にあてている。

［池田　温］

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