Hanlin Bachelor (English spelling: Han-lin xue-shi; Han-lin hsüeh-shih)

Japanese: 翰林学士 - かんりんがくし（英語表記）han-lin xue-shi; han-lin hsüeh-shih

In China, from the mid-Tang Dynasty onwards, they were high-ranking officials of the Hanlinyuan, an institution directly under the emperor, and were responsible for drafting imperial edicts. During the reign of Xuanzong, the Hanlinyuan was enriched as a kind of imperial academy by gathering people with talents in various fields, and in 738, it was functionally divided into the Academy of Scholars and the Academy of Arts and Crafts. As scholars served the emperor closely and drafted imperial edicts related to the appointment and dismissal of prime ministers and generals, as well as military campaigns, they became a center of power after the An Lushan Rebellion, and during the reign of Emperor Xianzong, a system was established in which scholars were the representatives, and they came to be called the Interior Minister. From the Song Dynasty through the early modern period, the Hanlinyuan became the center of academic literature, overseeing the revision of histories and the compilation of imperial documents, and generally served as an institution for the study and honor of capable officials.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，唐中期以降，天子に直属した機関翰林院の高官で，詔勅の起草にあたった。玄宗時代に諸般の才芸に秀でる者を集めて宮廷アカデミーともいうべき翰林院を充実し，開元 26 (738) 年これを学士院と伎術院に機能分化した。天子に近侍し，宰相や将軍の任免をはじめ，征戦にかかわる詔命を学士が起草したことから，安史の乱以後権力の一中枢となり，憲宗のときに承旨学士を代表とする制度が確立し，内相と呼ばれるにいたった。宋代以降近世にかけては，翰林院は学芸図書の府となり修史や勅撰事業を司り，有為な官人の修学，栄誉機関の性格が一般的となった。

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