Keep (knot) - Keep

Japanese: キープ(結び) - きーぷ
Keep (knot) - Keep

...Such practices are often found in primitive societies without written language, and traces of them can still be found in China, Japan, North and South America, Australia, and other places. The quipu of ancient Peru (Inca Empire) and the straw calculation system of Okinawa are particularly famous. The Inca quipu was the only method of recording that could replace writing, and they used it to record everything from the country's population surveys and statistics to the amount of grain stored in grain warehouses, the number of troops, and the amount of gold collected, and kept these statistics.

From [Conclusion]

…Ancient Peruvian (Incan) knotted ropes are considered to be more advanced than the Okinawan straw calculation. These were called quipu, and the position of the knot on the string indicated the place of the digit, and the color of the string indicated the contents of the item. Quipus were used to record everything, such as population surveys, statistics, the amount of grain stored in warehouses, the number of troops, and the amount of gold collected, and statistics were kept. There were also experts called quipu kamayos who read these. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "keep (tie)" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…文字をもたない未開社会にはしばしばこのような習慣があり,中国,日本,南北アメリカ,オーストラリアなどにそのなごりをとどめている。とくに古代ペルー(インカ帝国)のキープquipuと沖縄の藁算(わらざん)は有名である。インカにおけるキープは文字に代わる唯一の記録法で,これを使ってインカは自国の人口調査や統計,穀物倉庫の貯蔵量,軍隊の人数,採金の量などあらゆるものを記録し,統計をとって保存していた。…

【結び】より

…沖縄の藁算以上に高度と思われるものに古代ペルー(インカ)の結縄がある。これはキープquipuと呼ばれ,紐上の結びの位置による桁の表示,さらに紐の色分けによって物品の内容を表現した。このキープをつかって人口調査や統計,穀物倉庫の貯蔵量,軍隊の数,採金の量などあらゆるものを記録し,統計をとって保存していたが,それを読む〈キープ・カマヨ〉と呼ばれる専門家もいた。…

※「キープ(結び)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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