Tolerance of different positions without regarding a particular religion, sect, or its content or form of faith as absolute and excluding others. From the perspective of the one being tolerated, it corresponds to freedom of religion. Tolerance is not simply an individual virtue (open-mindedness), but rather relates to the social dimension and is an issue that arises at the intersection of religion and politics or the state. There are many examples of tolerance and its opposite, intolerance, in history, but generally, in places where multiple religions coexist within the same society (region), there is a strong tendency for tolerance, and when one religion is dominant, it can be said that the conditions for intolerance are given. In Asia, different religions generally coexisted, and tolerance was the norm. In contrast, in Western Europe after the Middle Ages, which was established based on the legacy of the ancient Roman Empire, the Christian Church claimed the sole legitimacy, and intolerance of heretics and pagans continued. It was only after the Enlightenment (18th century) that the principle of modern tolerance (freedom of religion) was established in Western Europe. [Tokuyoshi Tamaru] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
特定の宗教、宗派やその信仰内容・形式を絶対視して他を排除することなく、異なった立場をも容認すること。寛容される側からすれば信教の自由に相当する。寛容は単に個人の徳目(心の広さ)ではなく、むしろ社会的な次元にかかわり、宗教と政治ないし国家との接点で生じてくる問題である。歴史上、寛容もその反対の非寛容も多くの実例があるが、一般に同一の社会(地域)内に複数の宗教が並存するようなところでは寛容の傾向が強く、いずれかの宗教が優位にある場合、非寛容への条件が与えられているといえよう。アジア地域では概して異宗教が共存することが多く、寛容が通例であった。これに対し、古代ローマ帝国の遺産を受けて成立した中世以後の西欧では、キリスト教会が唯一の正当性を主張し、異端や異教徒への非寛容が続いた。西欧において近代的な寛容(信教自由)の原則が定着するのは、ほぼ啓蒙(けいもう)主義の時代(18世紀)以後のことである。 [田丸徳善] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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