Screen - Kicho

A type of folding screen used by nobles. A T-shaped screen with a curtain called a katabira hanging from it was used to provide privacy, protect from the wind, or as a room divider. The screen is painted black lacquer and has two poles standing on a base called a tsuchii, which is supported by a horizontal pole called a hand. Decorative metal fittings are attached to the ends of the hand and support poles, and decorative washers are hammered into the top of the doi and the holes into which the support poles are inserted. Some of these screens are ornately decorated with makie lacquer. There are two types: a 4-shaku (approximately 120 centimeters) screen and a 3-shaku screen. The former is a 4 shaku (13 shaku) square from the handle to the top of the earthen wall, and consists of five scrolls, each of which has a quilted string called a nosuji hanging down the center of the width, a white twisted string passing through the top, a core rod, and a hanging string attached to the top of each width. The latter is four scrolls and is made in the same way.

The texture is neri in winter and aki in summer, with white plain silk or white twill used for the outer fabric, white plain silk for the lining, and deep red or black plain silk for the nosuji. According to the "Masasuke Costume Collection," the nosuji fabric is made of two colors, red and deep red, sewn together along the center. Beautiful folding screens have gorgeous two-layered fabrics for the outer fabric, fabrics with a dark hem that are dark at the bottom and gradually lighter towards the top, turning white at the top in the same way as kasuri, and embroidered curtains. Beautiful folding screens for summer are made of raw woven twill, or plain silk curtains with autumn grass patterns.

[Takada Yamato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

公家(くげ)調度で屏障具(へいしょうぐ)の一種。T形の几に帷(かたびら)とよぶ帳をかけて垂らし、目隠しや風よけ、あるいは間仕切りとして用いた。几は黒漆塗りで、土居(つちい)とよぶ台に2本の棒を立て、手とよぶ横棒を支える。手と支えの棒の先端に飾り金具をはめ、土居の上場、支えの棒を差し込む孔(あな)に飾りの座金(ざがね)を打つ。この几に蒔絵(まきえ)を施した華麗なものもある。4尺（約120センチメートル）の几帳と3尺の几帳の2種がある。前者は手から土居の上場まで4尺の几に、五幅(いつの)で、それぞれ幅の中央に野筋(のすじ)とよぶ絎(く)け紐(ひも)をつけて垂らし、上部に白左右撚(よ)りの紐を差し通し、芯棒(しんぼう)を差し入れ、各幅上部に釣り紐をつける。後者は四幅(よの)で同様に仕立てられる。

　地質は、冬が練(ねり)、夏が生(き)で、表地に白平絹(ひらぎぬ)か白綾(しらあや)、裏地に白平絹、野筋地に濃紅か黒の平絹を用いる。『雅亮(まさすけ)装束抄』によると、野筋の中央を境にして赤と濃き紅の2色をはぎ合わせたものを用いる。美麗几帳といわれるものは、表地に華やかな二陪(ふたえ)織物や、裾濃(すそご)といって下部を濃く、しだいに上へ薄くして上部を白に絣(かすり)の技法と同様に締め切って緂(だん)とした織物や、刺しゅうを施した帷を用いた。夏の美麗几帳には生織(きお)りの綾、または平絹に秋草模様を描いた帷をかけた。

［高田倭男］

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