... In the interwar period, the seeds of nationalism began to appear in Africa, especially in British colonies, but the development of this type of movement was delayed in the Belgian Congo. However, messianic liberation movements such as the Kimbangu movement and the Kitawala movement, which gained momentum in the early 1920s, and SR Mpadi's Neo-Kimbangism (Khakist) movement, which gained momentum from the late 1930s to the early 1940s, can be considered a type of primitive nationalist movement. After the end of World War II, nationalist movements gained momentum throughout Africa, but it was not until the late 1950s that their waves reached the Belgian Congo. ... From [Nirenda]...Leader of an African religious movement. Born in Nyasaland (now Malawi), he moved to Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in the 1920s, where he encountered the Watchtower Movement while working as a miner, was baptized and began his missionary life, and in early 1925 became the founder of the Kitawala Movement. The Kitawala Movement, like the Kimbangism (Kimbang) movement in the Belgian Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), had a millennial ideology, denied the authority of whites, and spread the teaching that blacks would be able to escape the political and economic hardships of white rule (and therefore colonial rule) through the coming final judgment, attracting many followers. *Some of the terminology used in reference to the Kitawala Movement is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 両大戦間の時代に入ると,イギリス領を中心にアフリカにもナショナリズムの萌芽が見られるようになったが,ベルギー領コンゴではこの種の運動の発展は遅れていた。ただ20年代初期に急激に盛り上がったキンバングによる運動やキタワラ運動,さらに30年代後半から40年代前半に高まったS.R.ムパディのネオ・キンバンギズム運動(カーキスト運動)のようなメシア的解放運動は,原初的なナショナリズム運動の一種ということができる。第2次世界大戦が終わると,アフリカ全域にナショナリズム運動が高まるが,ベルギー領コンゴにその波動が到達したのは50年代末期であった。… 【ニレンダ】より…アフリカの宗教運動指導者。ニヤサランド(現,マラウィ)に生まれ,1920年代に北ローデシア(現,ザンビア)へ移り,鉱山労働者として働くうちにウォッチタワー運動と出会い,洗礼を受けて伝道生活に入ったが,25年初めころにはキタワラ運動の創始者となった。キタワラ運動は,ベルギー領コンゴ(現,コンゴ民主共和国)でのキンバンギズム運動(キンバング)と同様に千年王国思想を有し,白人の権威を否定するとともに,きたるべき最後の審判によって黒人は白人支配(したがって植民地主義の支配)の政治的・経済的苦境を脱することができるという教えを説き広め,多数の信者を集めた。… ※「キタワラ運動」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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