French composer. Born in Aix-en-Provence, both parents were Jewish. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, where he met his lifelong friends Honegger and Ibert. During World War I, he stayed in Brazil as Claudel's secretary. He returned to Brazil in 1919 and participated in the activities of the Six. He produced a succession of early masterpieces, including the ballet music Les buons on the roof (1919, libretto by Cocteau, set by Dufy), Les creatés du monde (1923, libretto by Cendrars, costumes and set by Léger), and the orchestral work Memories of Brazil (1923). During World War II, he fled to the United States and taught at Mills College in California. He was professor of composition at his alma mater from 1947 to 1962. As a 20th century composer, he is known as a prolific composer on a par with his friend Villa-Lobos (he wrote 19 symphonies, including six chamber symphonies), and often used polytonal (polyrhythms) and complex contrapuntal writing, but he never became unnecessarily difficult to understand and always maintained a sense of tonality, continuing to write music full of vitality. Other well-known works include the opera Christophe Collombus (1928) based on a libretto by Claudel, the orchestral piece Suite de Provence (1936), Scaramouche for two pianos (1937), and King René's Fireplace for five wind instruments (1939). → Nijinska → Related topics Auric | Xenakis | Kurtág | Chabrier | Tansman | Bidor | Sadao Betsumiya | Reich | Ron Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
フランスの作曲家。エクス・アン・プロバンスの生れで両親ともにユダヤ系。パリ音楽院(コンセルバトアール)に学び,終生の友オネゲル,イベールと知り合う。第1次大戦中はクローデルの秘書としてブラジルに滞在。1919年に帰国し〈六人組〉の活動に参加。バレエ音楽《屋根の上の牡牛(おうし)》(1919年。台本コクトー,舞台装置デュフィ),同《世界の創造》(1923年。台本サンドラール,衣装・舞台装置レジェ),管弦楽曲《ブラジルの思い出》(1923年)など,初期の傑作が相次いで誕生した。第2次大戦中は米国に亡命し,カリフォルニアのミルズ・カレッジで教える。1947年−1962年母校作曲科教授。20世紀の作曲家としては友人のビラ・ロボスらと並ぶ多作家として知られ(6つの室内交響曲を含め交響曲だけでも19曲),異なる調を同時に用いる〈多調〉やポリリズム,複雑な対位法書法をしばしば用いるが,いたずらに難解にならず常に調性感を保ち,生命力みなぎる音楽を書き続けた。作品ではほかに,クローデルの台本によるオペラ《クリストフ・コロン(クリストファ・コロンブス)》(1928年),管弦楽曲《プロバンス組曲》(1936年),2台のピアノのための《スカラムーシュ》(1937年),5つの管楽器のための《ルネ王の暖炉》(1939年)などが広く知られる。→ニジンスカ →関連項目オーリック|クセナキス|クルターグ|シャブリエ|タンスマン|ビドール|別宮貞雄|ライヒ|ロン 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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