Qi-shan; Ch`i-shan

Japanese: 琦善 - きぜん（英語表記）Qi-shan; Ch`i-shan

[raw]?
[Died] 1854
Chinese politician in the late Qing Dynasty. A member of the Manchu Zhenghuangqi. Family name Borjigit (Boer Jijite). Pen name Jing'an. Posthumous name Wenqin. Hereditary first-class marquis. In the 13th year of the Jiaqing era (1808), he became a member of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, and subsequently held various posts, including inspector and governor of Henan, governor of Henan and Shandong, governor of Sichuan, and governor of Zhili. He was promoted from a scholar of the Henan Ministry of Justice to a scholar of the Wenyuan Ge Ministry. In the 20th year of the Daoguang era (40), he went to Guangdong as an imperial commissioner to negotiate with Britain, and was appointed governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi, and superintendent of the Guangdong-Huang Customs. The following year, after China's defeat (the Opium War), he was punished for negotiating the Sichuan-Bi Provisional Treaty. He later held various positions, including minister in Tibet, governor-general of Sichuan, and governor-general of Shaanxi. In the 1st year of the Xianfeng era (51), he was convicted and exiled to Jilin. With the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, he became governor of Henan the following year, and then as Imperial Commissioner, he died in military camp while fighting the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom forces.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]?
[没]咸豊4(1854)
中国，清末の政治家。満州正黄旗の人。姓はボルジギト (博爾済吉特) 。字は静庵。諡は文勤。世襲一等侯爵。嘉慶 13 (1808) 年刑部員外郎となり，以後河南の按察使や布政使，河南や山東の巡撫，四川総督，直隷総督など歴任。協辧大学士から文淵閣大学士となった。道光 20 (40) 年対英交渉のため欽差大臣として広東におもむき，両広総督，粤海関監督に任じ，翌年敗戦 (アヘン戦争) によって川鼻仮条約の交渉にあたり処罪革職される。のち駐蔵大臣，四川総督，陝甘総督など歴任。咸豊1 (51) 年罪を得て吉林に流刑。太平天国の興起によって翌年河南巡撫となり，次いで欽差大臣として太平天国軍と交戦中に軍営で死亡。

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