Technology-intensive industry

...(1) Classification based on the use of goods: investment goods industries, which produce the means of production, capital goods industries, which produce raw materials (collectively called basic industries), consumer goods industries, which produce goods for consumption (sometimes limited to durable consumer goods); (2) Classification based on the degree of capital equipment ratio, into heavy chemical industries (many of which are related to capital goods and investment goods) which have a high capital equipment ratio and require advanced technology and equipment, and light industries (many of which are related to consumer goods), which are the opposite; (3) Classification based on the degree of processing in the production process: materials industries (material industries and processing and assembly industries), which produce resources and materials for production, processing industries that process materials to produce individual items and parts, and assembly industries that use parts and materials to produce finished products; (4) Classification based on the degree of integration of production factors: capital-intensive industries (capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries), which have a high capital equipment ratio, and labor-intensive industries, which have a low capital equipment ratio and have a high degree of integration with labor. In addition, as a subdivision of the manufacturing industry, industries such as automobiles and electrical appliances are sometimes called processing and assembly industries, industries that are highly influenced by technological progress are called technology-intensive industries, and industries such as the computer industry, where software is more important than hardware, are called knowledge-intensive industries. Industries that use large production facilities, such as petrochemicals, oil refining, steel, and nonferrous metals, are called equipment industries.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "technology-intensive industries" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…(1)商品の用途面から分類して，生産手段を生産する投資財産業，原材料を生産する生産財産業(以上をまとめて基礎産業)，消費にあてられる財を生産する消費財産業(耐久消費財に限定する場合もある)，(2)資本装備率が高く，高度な技術と設備を必要とする重化学工業(生産財，投資財関連の産業が多い)とそれらの点で反対の軽工業(消費財関連の産業が多い)という分類，(3)生産過程における加工度の違いによる区分で，生産のための資源や材料を生産する素材産業(素材産業･加工組立産業)，材料を加工して単品や部品を生産する加工産業，部品や材料を用いて完成品を生産する組立産業，(4)生産要素の結合具合の違いにより資本装備率の高い資本集約型産業(資本集約型産業･労働集約型産業)，それが低く，労働との結合度が高い労働集約型産業，などがある。　また，製造業の内分類として，自動車や電機などの産業を加工組立産業，技術進歩の影響度が高い産業を技術集約型産業，ハードウェアよりもソフトウェアが重要なコンピューター産業などを知識集約型産業などという場合もある。また石油化学，石油精製，鉄鋼，非鉄など大型の生産設備を採用している産業を装置産業という。…

※「技術集約型産業」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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